经理法律地位研究

【作者】 姚岚；

【导师】 赵大利；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 经济法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 公司治理结构是公司法中的一个热点与难点,也是各国法学界、经济学界、企业界普遍关注的问题。我国学者对股东会(股东大会)、董事会、监事会等公司内部治理机构及人员的权利、义务及其运作机制的理论探讨较多,达到了一定水准。然而对同样为我国《公司法》规定在公司治理结构部分的经理却重视不够、研究甚少,更无专著。同时我国《公司法》也未明确规定经理的法律地位,并且经理权限之规定亦存在诸多不合理之处。随着生产力的发展、公司规模的扩大,资本所有权与经营权发生分离,股东会(股东大会)权力被缩小,董事会中心主义形成。然而,公司治理结构的变革并未走到尽头。董事会的会议制工作方式在业务执行方面显得力不从心,往往由大股东兼任的董事亦难以胜任日趋复杂的业务执行工作。因此,笔者提出将公司的经营决策权与业务执行权相分离,由经理全面地独立地行使该权力的观点。传统理论认为经理为公司代理人,但是代理理论作为解释公司经理法律地位的基础学说,本身却存在着不可回避的缺陷和漏洞,对现实问题的解释使人困惑。本文以信托关系理论为基础提出经理为公司机关的主张。信托理论与代理理论有着显著的区别,两者从事活动的身份、行使权限、对撤销权的限制等方面均不同。同时信托关系解决了经理对外代表权的问题,并使经理与其他雇员的法律地位相区别。也曾有学者提出赋予经理公司机关法律地位的主张,但是对随之产生的问题均未作深入系统地思考,如经理为公司机关后与董事会的关系如何,能否取代董事长为公司的法定代表人,董事会成员能否兼任经理等。本文通过对各国立法例的研究及学理分析,对上述问题进行论述并提出解决方案。本文第三部分讨论了经理权的问题。明确经理权可以获得对经理法律地位更全面的认识,也为经理职业化发展指明道路。经理权包含两大权能,即管理权能和代表权能。由于代表权能系其核心权能,故本文以此为研究中心。通过更多还原

【Abstract】 Company’s administration structure is a focus and difficult point in the company laws, and it is a question which the business circles, law circles, economic educational circles of various countries generally pay close attention to. The scholars of our country pay little attention to manager. Our company law has not stipulated the manager’s legal status clearly either, and the regulation of manager’s authority also has a great deal of unreasonable places.With the development of productivity, the doctrine of the centre of board of directors takes shape. However, the change of company’s administration structure has not gone to the end. I advise the right of execution of the business and the right of make decisions should be separated from each other, and the manager exercises his power independently. The managers can realize the high-efficient, scientific process and benefit power balance.The traditional theory thinks the manager as company’s agent, but there are defect and loophole that can’t be avoided by itself. This text proposes a manager as the company’s organ for the foundation with the trust relation theory. Trust theory and agent’s theory are in great difference. Once scholars put forward to the opinion of manager as the company’s organ’s legal status too, but have not deepened thinking to the question. This text proposes the solution to above-mentioned problems through the study on legislative examples of various countries.The third part of this text has discussed the question of manager’s right. Define manager’s right can obtain much understanding about manager’s legal status. Point out the road for manager’s professionalism development too. Manager’s right includes two major powers and functions, namely manage powers and represent powers.The second and the third parts of this text are directed against the fixedunreasonable place about manager’s system in our country’s company law. In order to seek the effective way to perfect our manager’s system, I offer some suggestions of revising. At the same time the author hopes to cause scholar’s further discussion of this problem through this text’s study, in order to promote the in-depth reform of enterprise’s administration structure.更多还原