中小企业融资探讨

【作者】 王华；

【导师】 王满；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 会计学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 我国改革开放20多年来,中小企业一直是我国国民经济发展中非常活跃的力量。据测算,我国GDP的50%以上来自中小企业,而且中小企业又是创造就业机会的主要渠道。但与此同时,几乎所有国家的中小企业都面临融资难的问题。据英国小企业联盟2002年的一份调查显示,只有46%的小企业对“银行支持”感到满意,35%的小企业对“银行贷款的可得性”感到满意,而对“信贷成本”表示满意的小企业只有13%,对利率满意的小企业只有7%。在我国,80%的中小企业缺乏资金,30%的中小企业资金还十分紧张。这显然和中小企业做出的贡献是极不对称的。写作本文也是希望在对中小企业的融资难提出自己见解的同时,会对融资难问题的解决有所帮助。 本文共分四个部分:理论阐述、原因分析、经验借鉴和建议对策。本文打破了原有的许多文献就事论事的方法,先从理论开始阐述,简单介绍了中小企业融资的理论基础。在为下面的论述打下理论基础同时,希望从理论的角度为我国的中小企业融资难寻求理论基础。接着本文系统分析了我国中小企业融资难的原因,从经济学上分析有交易成本和信息不对称的因素;从中小企业自身而言,有中小企业管理差、信用差、负债能力有限等因素;从金融业而言,金融行业的特殊性及我国金融业收缩贷款、金融支持方式单一等原因;而我国政府对中小企业的支持力度不够又是另一个重要因素。我国政府长久以来对中小企业的重视不够而导致政府对中小企业的支持无论在政策上还是在金融上都存在缺位。 分析原因固然重要,目的却是为了解决问题,而借鉴一下各国的先进经验,是有百利而无一害的。所以本文接着介绍了有关‘国家对中小企业支持举措,如美国、德国和日本等国的金融支持体系。在总结了他国经验的基础上,提出应建立我国的金融支持体系。这个金融支持体系主要由以下几个部分组成:建立中小企业政策性银行;建立中小企业政策性信用担保机构;建立国家和地方中小企业发展基金;建立“二板市场”,为中小企业进入直接融资提供平台。 论文最后就是解决问题,提出解决我国中小企业融资难的对策:第一,多更多还原

【Abstract】 It has been 20 years from the beginning of open policy, the small and medium-size companies has been more and more important in our national economy .It was supported that more than 50 per of GDP was from the small and medium-size companies . At the same time ,the small and medium-size companies also absorb lots of unemployment and rural population. But almost small and medium-size companies in every country face the difficulty of financing. One newspaper in England said only 46% were satisfied with the support of bank, 35% of small company were satisfied with the available of loan, the satisfaction of cost in loan was only 13% and 7% was content with interest. And in our country 80% small and medium-size companies lacked capital, From these data, we can see the dissymmetry between the contribution and the difficulties. I hope this essay will be helpful the resolution of the question through my own opinions.Not like others theories are advanced at first in the essay, they will be the base of the entire essay. Firstly kinds of theories are set out, analyze, then summarize the disadvantage and benefit to our small and medium-size companies. At this base, the essay begin to analyze the causes of difficulty in financing ,the causes as following: from economy it includes cost of dealing and dissymmetry of information. The self of small and medium-size companies also one of factors. From finance it includes the particularity and the fact of our financial institution. From the government the absence of support is another cause.The purpose of analysis is to settle the question, reference is also useful to the settlement. The sustaining system in U.S.A, Japan and German are advanced. The essay suggests that the set-up of financing system is neededAt last the essay advances the suggestion to the question. Firstly, through kinds of ways to increase capital, such as effort of small and medium-size companies, set-up small and medium-size investment companies. Secondly, therevolution and creation of financial institution, such as the revolution and creation of state-owned bank, set-up small and medium-size guarantee institution and development bill market. Thirdly, reinforcement the function of government, such as set-up system of goal, administration finance and law, society.更多还原