关于中国铁路改革路径的研究

【作者】 杨江敏；

【导师】 邓春玲；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 铁路行业作为自然垄断行业之一是产业经济学领域最为活跃的研究课题之一,也是当前中国经济体制改革的热点问题。从总体上分析,目前中国铁路行业的改革仍然停留在政企分开以及对原有国家垄断格局的分拆上,真正触及铁路行业实质的改革措施很少。2003年,铁路行业改革政策又有了新的变动,国家铁道部放弃了原来的改革方案,转而实行“跨越式发展”的改革方案:重发展轻改革。在此背景之下,中国铁路是改革还是发展,改革的路径是什么等问题难免成为国内外学者的迷惑之处。本文正是在此背景下写成。 首先,本文研究了自然垄断产业改革的基础理论。一般意义上的自然垄断与规模经济紧密相连,而最新定义的自然垄断的特点是代表性企业成本函数的劣加性。自然垄断理论的新发展指出,由于受到经济和技术发展的影响,自然垄断特性不是一成不变的,自然垄断可以分为永久和暂时两种形态;其次,自然垄断产业作为具体产业具有一系列的经济技术特征;网络性、范围经济性、统一的技术经济标准、巨大沉没成本、需求弹性小、公共性较强等。本文进一步就铁路行业的经济技术特征以及中国铁路的特点展开论述,从而过渡到中国铁路改革这个问题之上;第三,本文实证研究了欧盟、美国、日本、英国等发达国家铁路的改革历程,这些发达国家的改革经验对中国铁路改革具有重大的启示:政企分开是铁路改革的重要内容;铁路改革方案要符合本国国情;政府要为铁路改革营造良好的外部环境等;第四,本文从中国铁路的改革历程出发,推导出,尽管中国经过改革取得了一定成绩,但是,从中国铁路行业存在的问题看,目前中国铁路要面对的仍然是改革而非发展。中国铁路改革的必由之路是“网运分离”而不是“跨越式发展”;最后,本文就中国铁路行业改革中尚未或者尚待解决的问题作了进一步的探讨,并指出,通过“网运分离”这些问题必然能够得到妥善的解决。更多还原

【Abstract】 The reform of natural monopoly industry is one of the most active theme in the realm of Industrial Economics, and also is a current of Chinese economic system reforming. The railroad industry, being one of natural monopoly industry, certainly can not be excepted. At present, the reform of Chinese realway analyzing from all, still stick in the separation of government and corporation, and the separation of primary monopoly structure, but the real reforming scheme which can touch the essential of the realway industry is a fat lot. There is a change in the realway reform in 2003, in that, the branch which control the realway adopt the reforming scheme of "the stride over type develop" and give up the former reforming scheme: the "Separating Infrastructure Management from Transport Operation" . Under the background of this, what’s china’s realway need: either reform or development、 what’s the way of reform, all of which puzzle scholars of fremdness and homeland.At first, this article studied the foundation theories of natural monopoly industry. In general, natural monopoly closely contact with Economies of Scale. The new definition considers that the natural monoply contact with Subaddtivity. The new development of monopoly theories insist that influenced by the development of economics and technic, the characteristic is not inflexible, the corporation of natural monopoly can be divided into two part: forever natural monopoly and temporary natural monopoly; The second, natural monopoly industry has a series of economic and technic character: network, economies of scope and so on; The third, this article studies the experience of developed country, these country’s experience can be good to china’s realway reform; The fourth, this text sets out from the reformation process of the Chinese railroad, deducing a problem: though China obtained through reformation certainly score, from the Chinese railway industry still esse lots of issues, the problem which Chinese railway must face is still reformation rather than development. The Chinese railway reform of necessarily is the " Separating Infrastructure Management from Transport Operation" , but not is "the stride overtype develop"; At last, this article discusses more on the Chinese realway reform, and insists that through the " Separating Infrastructure Management from Transport Operation" , all these problem can be well solved.更多还原