基础设施领域民营化的公私伙伴关系研究

【作者】 耿莉；

【导师】 孙亚锋；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 产业经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 20世纪70年代以来,随着凯恩斯学派国家干预主义的衰落,政府失效和技术进步等时代背景的变化,为了调整经济,改善政府职能,优化资源配置,在全球范围掀起了放松规制运动和民营化浪潮。在不到十年的时间里,竞争之风席卷了电信、航空、铁路、电力等过去由政府垄断经营或严格受到管制的产业,通过积极引进民间资本,建立竞争机制,形成了基础设施领域市场化和民营化的大趋势。长期以来,由于基础设施领域明显的自然垄断性和公共产品性等特点,人们一直认为由政府来提供此种物品和服务的安排机制是最合理的,然而基础设施领域建设的高投资需求和政府部门的低效运营等诸多弊病和矛盾,都要求基础设施领域的建设走上一条有后劲,有发展的公私合作的民营化之路。基于此,本文从基础设施的自然垄断特性和公共产品特性两方面深入探讨了基础设施领域民营化的理论依据,而后重点阐述本文的核心:公私伙伴关系。 公私伙伴关系(PPP)是公共和私人部门合作供应传统上一贯由政府提供的产品和服务,这种合作关系就是承认和利用了公共和私人部门各自的优势和特点,在特许协议的基础上形成互惠互利的伙伴式关系,从而更经济、更有效的建设和运营基础设施。在此过程中,私人部门不仅负责设施的前期建设,还可承担设计,建设,运营和投融资等一系列工作,成为一个长期合作者和提供者,同时,政府的职能和角色也逐渐转变为规制和监控者、资源规划者和合同管理者,而不再是服务和产品的直接供给者。本文的第三章和第四章详细论述了公私伙伴关系的概念、形式及其在现实中的应用等问题,较全面的透视了这一介于完全公有和纯粹私有之间的能够解决基础设施建设诸多问题的民营化方案,并提出运用公私伙伴关系时应注意的问题,给出相应建议。更多还原

【Abstract】 From 1970’s, with the changed era of decline of Keynes theory which support the opinion of national intervention in economy, government invalidation and technology progress, the campaign of deregulation and privatization are thriving across the whole world in order to adjust economy, improve functions of government and optimize resources. In fewer ten years, there are more and more competitions in these traditionally monopoly industries, such as telecom, aviation and railway, energy power. By means of attracting private capital and building the competition mechanism, the trends of privatization and marketization have been strengthened. For a long time, based on the specialties of natural monopoly and public goods, people regard the infrastructure sector as an area which had better been operated by government. But as more and more disadvantages and shortcomings are disclosed, the reasonable developing way of infrastructure is liable to privatization, so Chapter 1 and 2 of this dissertation focus on the necessity and feasibility analysis of privatization in infrastructure area and then go to the central emphasis -public-private partnership.A Public Private Partnership is a partnership between the public sector and the private sector for the purpose of delivering a project or a service traditionally provided by the public sector. Public Private Partnerships recognize that both the public sector and the private sector have certain advantages relative to the other in the performance of specific tasks. By allowing each sector to do what it does best, public services and infrastructure can be provided in the most economically efficient manner. Under public private partnership arrangements, private sector contractors become long term providers of services rather than simply upfront asset builders, combining the responsibilities of designing, building, operating and possibly financing assets in order to deliver the services needed by the public sector. As a result, central and local government agencies become increasingly involved asregulators and focus resources on service planning, performance monitoring and contract management rather than on the direct management and delivery of services. The Chapter 3 and 4 details the conception, form and application, etc. of public-private partnership in infrastructure area and put forward the relative solutions and suggestions about handling Public Private Partnership.更多还原