逆工业化：历史视角下的我国货币经济及农村金融

【作者】 谷红；

【导师】 刘军善；

【作者基本信息】 东北财经大学 ， 金融学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国农村问题是人们亘古关注的话题,这对于一个经历数千年演进过程的农业文明国度而言,似乎是天经地义的事情。对于像中国这样一个以农耕经济为主体的后发展中国家,现代化的进程是不得不与乡村动员紧密相连的。只有将乡村社会纳入到国家的体制中实现全社会的有机整合,才能获得现代化所需的经济政治资源。中国的农村问题因依托数千年农业文明的连续不间断的演进而具有渊深源远的历史感,同时也因其与工业文明的千丝万缕的联系而更加广袤深邃,所以中国农村问题的症结需要从众多的视角去搜寻和探索。而本文拟摆脱这一问题的一些传统探讨模式,而是从整体上从全局观念出发重新审视我国农村金融体系的历史与现状,甚至是由此引发的一个更为深层的问题——逆工业化。这是本文写作的一个基本的目的。 本文试图站在历史的角度,从货币经济层面,探析中国的农村经济以及农业文明向工业文明转型中的金融格局。逆工业化,这是本文的一个创新。创新的灵感来自于美国学者门德尔斯创立的“原始工业化”理论。这种理论的一个根本观点是:人类进入工业社会,其根本动力不在于工业革命,恰恰相反,是存在于农村之中。早在工业革命之前,农村就已经发生了原始工业化现象,正是原始工业化最终导致了工业革命。但是,笔者进一步认为并不是每一经济区域的原始工业化都能顺利地过渡为工业革命,它受诸多方面条件地的限制,如市场、自然资源、社会政治、经济结构等等。条件不具备或不充分的区域,原始工业化的结局只能是“逆工业化”的发生。即:原始工业化—逆工业化—原始工业化—逆工业化……。在中国的农业文明不断发展的过程中,这种逆工业化现象突出表现为:商品经济的发展——自然经济的强化——商品经济的再发展——自然经济的进一步完善……中国的农业文明在向工业文明的道路不断趋近,却又不断回旋。而正是逆工业化,将中国农业文明与工业文明的发展联系了起来,使得我们可以更进一步地剖析货币经济以及整体的金融格局在逆工业化过程中的潜移默化得作用。 本文的写作脉络从历史视角下的货币经济与农村经济开始,全文共分为三篇,第一篇提出货币经济与农村经济的发展导致逆工业化的必然性,探索农村更多还原

【Abstract】 The problem of rural economy is an arguable problem through the long history of China. It is quite natural for a country that has a long history of thousands of years. As- a post-developing agricultural country, the process of modernization is closely related to the development of agriculture. The rural problems of China are fairly comprehensive because of its intimate relationship with the agriculture and industry civilization. Therefore we can study and solve this problem from various aspects. The author is trying to avoid the traditional paths and to rebuild the new form of rural financial system from the whole parts, so as to carry out a further comprehensive question of anti-industrialization. It is one of the goals of this paper.Looking through the long history of China, on the basis of monetary economy ,the author analyses the rural economy and the financial system which is in the process that agriculture civilization converts to industry civilization. It is an innovation of this paper to major on the anti-industrialization. It arises from the theory of the original industrialization. The theory holds the point that : When human beings step into industrial society. It is not pushed by the Industry Revolution but by the rural economy. Early before the Industry Revolution, the phenomenon of original industrialization which leads to the Industry Revolution has already existed in the rural areas. But I do not think that every original industrialization will certainly cause the Industry Revolution because of limiting factors. In the areas which do not have suited conditions, the Industry Revolution only leads to the anti-industrialization. Or the cycle comes , original industrialization —anti-industrialization—original industrialization — anti-industrialization...... Withthe development of Chinese agriculture civilization, the phenomenon also shows a picture, the development of commodity economy—the enforcement of natural economy — the further development of commodity economy — the furtherenforcement of natural economy…….The agriculture civilization of China is forgingahead to the industry civilization and keeping rebound repeatedly along theChinese history. It is right due to the topic of anti-industrialization, that the agriculture civilization is related to the industry civilization. Therefore, we can analyses the monetary economy and the role of the financial system in rural industrialization.Starting from the monetary and rural economy in the view of history , Firstly, this paper analyses the inevitability that the development of the monetary and rural economy lead to the anti-industrialization and studies the reasonable position of rural financial systems in the reciprocity process. Secondly, this paper analyses dynamic operation of the whole financial monetary system under the conclusion of the anti-industrialization. Lastly, based on ancient and up-to-date characteristics of the rural financial system , as well as the operation of finance system from the reformation of China ,the author argues the rural financial system of China in the view of history and also makes several suggestions accordingly.更多还原