【作者】 张丹；

【导师】 常凯；

【作者基本信息】 中国人民大学 ， 劳动经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 企业社会责任(CSR)是指在市场经济体制下,企业的责任除了为股东追求利润外,也应该考虑相关利益者的利益,即影响和受影响于企业行为的各方利益者的利益。其中,雇员利益是企业社会责任中的最直接和最主要的内容。企业社会责任的提出试图改变以往企业以营利为唯一目的的状况,而要求企业在营利的同时兼顾对社会的责任。劳动者利益是企业社会责任最直接和最主要的内容,保护劳工权益(劳权)是企业社会责任的核心理念和宗旨。企业社会责任的提出和实施,是全球化下企业人力资源管理和劳动关系管理的有机结合,并从权利义务对等、人格权、利益相关者治理等角度对中国人本管理理念进行一定的补充。 本文主要在对 CSR 的提出背景,CSR 的主要实施形式——跨国公司生产守则,核心内容——国际劳工标准的介绍的基础上,得出一个基本判断,即 CSR 提出的核心内容是核心劳工标准,核心理念是劳动者权益保护。并在此基础上,重点论述了,CSR 的提出对中国企业人本管理理念的影响分析。接着论证了 CSR 引入中国企业人本管理理念的必要性和可行性,最后给出了 CSR 核心理念引入企业人本管理理念的具体行动策略建议。 本研究的主要内容介绍: 企业社会责任的提出 CSR 是在全球化背景下,迫于消费者运动、劳工运动、以及国际劳工壁垒的压力而提出的。消费者运动是以市民社会为基础,市民社会里的成员都是独立的个体,具有独立人格和自立意识、不存在人身依附(包括行政性依附)。消费者运动这种社会秩序体系和自主意识形成了一股不可忽视的力量,迅速推动了企业社会责任运动的进程,也震慑了跨国公司凭借资本优势对劳动者利益的侵害;尽管工会的地位和权力受到全球化的负面影响使得劳工运动的作用不如以前那么明显,但是,各国劳工组织仍然在积极采取各种可能的劳工运动方式,为保护劳工权益而奋斗。比如:劳工运动走上国际合作的道路这一新方式的采用和实施。虽然这种新的劳工运动形式还只是在局部地区有所实践,效果也还不是很明显,但是它的发展可以对全球化导致的劳工标准降低的现状形成一种制约的力量。因此,劳工运动的开展仍然对于企业社会责任的提出和发展发挥了举足轻重的作用,并给企业社会责任带来更多的内涵,使企业社会责任更多专注于劳工权益的实现;西方发达国家在企图将劳工标准用于贸易保护主义的反复过程中,使得企业社会责任得到不断的发展,从当初以处理劳工冲突和环保问题为主要功能提升到实施企业社会责任战略提升企业国际竞争力的阶段,使 CSR 在企业中发挥的作用越来越大,受到的重视也越来越多。 全球化下企业社会责任的实施方式------跨国公司生产守则 企业社会责任的主要实施形式是跨国公司生产守则,跨国公司生产守则是以6联合国《世界人权宣言》和国际劳工组织的“基本劳工公约”为蓝本,承诺承担社会责任、遵守投资所在国的相关法律、维护劳工权益、改善劳动条件。建立在国际劳工组织八项“基础性条约”(Fundamental ILO Conventions)基础之上,其内容可以概括为四类核心劳工标准:1、结社自由并有效承认集体谈判权利 2、消除一切形式的强迫劳动 3、有效废除童工 4、消除就业歧视。企业社会责任的核心——国际劳工标准由于跨国公司生产守则的核心内容是国际核心劳工标准,因此,可以说企业社会责任的核心内容也是核心劳工标准。通过对“核心劳工标准”具体内容的分析介绍,可以看出:核心劳工标准的主要宗旨(也即企业社会责任提出的宗旨)是劳工权益保护。具体来说“自由结社与集体谈判权公约”主要保护劳工与企业平等对话的权利,强调企业与劳工能够权利义务对等;“废除强迫劳动的公约”保护劳工的人身自由和人格尊严的权利;“关于平等权方面的公约”主要保护的是劳工的人格独立权利和人格平等权利,即在法律上和事实上,人的劳动不应视为是资本的附属品,不应在任何劳动制度、劳动政策以及企业的规章制度和佣工过程中采取劳动者附属于雇主的管理理念。而应该保证劳工能够自主参与和自身有关的培训、薪酬等制度的设计。企业社会责任的提出对中国人本管理理念的影响分析企业社会责任引入企业人本管理中产生的主要影响是:(一)、权利义务对等的公平管理理念的引入以平衡劳资力量:企业社会责任的提出将企业与劳工是权利义务对等的主体这一理念引入人本管理中,通过权利义务对等来充分发挥劳权保护作用,有效协调和平衡劳资关系。具体来说,第 87 号即《1848 年结社自由和保护组织权利公约》和第 98 号即《1949 年组织权利和集体谈判权利公约》中所规定的组织工会的权利和集体谈判的权利,其最直接的意义,在于工人要组织起来,形成集体的力量,以独立的,平等的权利主体的身份与雇主进行对等的交涉;(二)、人格权理念的引入——保证雇员相对于雇主的人格尊严、人格独立、人格平等:“以人为本”强调的是尊重并保护劳动者作为“人”所应该享有的权利,即平时国际上一直重视提及的人权。企业社责任的提出将“人格尊严权、人格独立权、人格平等权、人格自由权”这些人格权理念重点引入人本管理理念中,以保证劳动者权益的保护;(三)、将利益相关者管理(治理)引入中国企业(尤其是公司制企更多还原

【Abstract】 Corporate social responsibility (CSR) means that under the marketing economic system, the responsibility of enterprises should include not only pursuing the profits for the stockholders, but also the interests for the stakeholders which consist of interests of the ones who influence enterprises’behavior and interests of the ones whom are influenced by enterprises’behavior. Employees’interests are the most straight and important contents of CSR. The purpose of putting forward the concept of CSR is to change the situation that enterprises consider pursuing profits to be the exclusive aim and to require when enterprises pursue profits they should give attention to social responsibilities. Labor interests are the most straightforward and primary contents of CSR. Protecting workers’ rights and interests are the core idea and tenet. The advance and implement of CSR is the organic combination of human resource management and labor relation management in enterprises under globalization. It gives certain supplement to Chinese people-oriented management idea in the aspect of the equity of rights and obligations, personality rights and stakeholder management etc. Based on the introduction of advance background of CSR, main implementing form (multinational codes of conduct) and core content (international labor standards), the thesis get a basic judgement: CSR’s core content is core labor standards. Its core idea is the protection of labor rights. On this base, the thesis emphasizes the influence on people-oriented management idea in Chinese enterprises by the advance of CSR, demonstrates the necessary and feasibility of bringing CSR into people-oriented idea in Chinese enterprises and finally gives specific acting policy by which we can bring the core idea of CSR into people-oriented idea in enterprises. Main content introduction of my research: The advance of corporate social responsibility: Under the globalization background, corporate social responsibility is advanced by the pressure of labor movement、 consumer movement and labor trade barrier. Consumer movement is based on citizen society in which members are independent individual who has independent personality and self-supporting consciousness without person affiliated relation (including administrative affiliated relation). The order social system and independent consciousness of consumer movement form a string of considerable strength and quickly promote the process of CSR movement, frightening the infraction to labor interests by multinational enterprises by right of capital predominance; Although the disadvantageous influence to the status and power of trade union has made the effects of labor movement not obvious as before, labor organizations in nations take different achievable labor movement forms to fight for labor interests protection. For instance, labor movement adopts a new form by going on international cooperation road. Although this new labor movement form is only put into practice in partial area with unobvious effect, its development can form a kind of balancing strength to the situation of globally coexistence of knock-down capital and untitled labor. Therefore, labor movement still has an important effect in the advance and development of CSR, brings more meaning to CSR and makes CSR more absorbed in the realization of labor interest; In the process of putting labor standards into trade protection, CSR develops gradually, from dealing with labor disputes and environment problems to implementing CSR strategic to promote international competition power. CSR plays a more important part in enterprises. Meanwhile, CSR is paid more attention to. The implementing form of CSR under globalization: multinational codes of conduct: The main implementing form of CSR is multinational codes of conduct which are based on “international human rights enouncement” of UN and “basic labor conventions” of ILO. Multinational codes of conduct promises that the multinational enterprises will take charge of CSR, abide by correlative laws of investing countr更多还原