【作者】 许颖琦；

【导师】 朱苏康；

【作者基本信息】 东华大学 ， 纺织工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 近年来,由于碳氟系溶剂和氟利昂的大量使用,地球大气层中臭氧层受到严重的破坏,致使到达地球表面的紫外线不断增加,对人类健康产生的影响日益增大。有专家预测,到21世纪末,皮肤病发病率将跃居各类疾病之首,成为危害人类健康的头号天敌。作为夏季服用面料的纯棉织物,以其吸湿性强、透气性好、无静电、穿着舒适等特点,深受人们的青睐。殊不知,其防紫外线能力却较差,是紫外线辐射最容易透过的面料。因此,对棉织物进行有效的紫外线屏蔽整理已刻不容缓。 目前常用的有机类紫外线吸收剂,存在不同程度的毒性和刺激性问题,因而限制了其进一步的推广和应用。与之相比,纳米新型无机紫外线屏蔽剂不仅对人体无毒副作用,还是广谱屏蔽剂,具有很高的化学稳定性、热稳定性,研究前景更为广阔。但无机紫外线屏蔽剂不溶于水,且对棉等天然纤维缺乏亲和力,因此在使用前必须先将其制成较稳定的粗分散体系:乳状液或悬浮体,然后用浸轧的方法将紫外线屏蔽剂转移到织物上去。 本文通过分析纳米粉体防紫外线的作用机理,选用纳米金红石型TiO₂、ZnO作为紫外线屏蔽剂。考虑织物的后整理主要以水为介质,因而在确定去离子水为分散相后,研究了纳米粉体在水中的分散行为。采用沉降实验、Zeta电位测定等方法考察了超声振荡与pH值对纳米颗粒-水分散体系稳定性的影响。依据纳米粉体在介质中的分散机理与理论,选用具有静电位阻作用的羧酸盐类聚电解质作为分散剂。在利用Zeta电位研究了分散剂对纳米粉体表面电性的影响的基础上,探讨了分散剂用量、pH值、电解质对体系分散稳定性的影响,初步确定了抗紫外纳米粉体的分散工艺。采用激光粒度仪和扫描电镜对该工艺下制备的纳米粉体悬浮液的分散性能进行测试、表征,结果表明其具有良好的分散稳定性。 为了考察纳米粉体悬浮液抗紫外线的性能,用其对棉织物进行简单的浸轧烘整理后,用紫外透过率分析仪测试织物的抗紫外能力,从紫外透过曲线看TiO₂与ZnO对紫外线的防护区域略有不同,其中ZiO₂对UVB的紫外防护能力较好,而ZnO则在UVA区域显示了更为卓越的抗紫外能力。鉴于本课题选用的分散剂可以使TiO₂与ZnO具有较为接近的表面电性,更多还原

【Abstract】 In the recent years, due to the increasingly use of solutions of fluorocarbons and freon, the ozonosphere of the atmosphere of the earth has been severely destroyed so that the amount of the UV that reaches the surface of the earth has been keeping increasing, which is more and more seriously affecting the health of the human beings. It is estimated by some experts that by the end of the 21^st century, the incidence of dermatosis will be the first one among all kinds of the diseases and will be the biggest enemy that threatens peoples’ health. Cotton fabric, which is used to make clothes worn in summer, appeals to people for its characteristics of being hygroscopic, ventilative, anti-static, comfortable. As a matter of fact, its ability to resisting UV is relatively poor and is one kiang of the material that UV radiation can most easily go through. Therefore, we should waste no time in exploring some methods to make effective UV Shield finishing for the cotton fabric.Because the existing commonly used organic UV absorbents more or less have toxicity and irritant effect, they are limited to further popularization and application. Compared with them, nanometer new type inorganic UV shield agent not only has no side or toxic effect on people but also is a broad-spectrum shield agent which has higher chemical stability, heat stability and has a broader study-perspective. However, inorganic UV shield agent does not dissolve in water and to the natural fabrics like cotton lacks affinity, it is necessary theta before using it we should first change it into relatively stable rough-dispersoid: emulsion or suspended body, and then transfer the UV shield agent to the fabric by way of dip roll.In this thesis, I, through analyzing the anti-UV functioning mechanism of the nanometer power, select nanometer （Rutile）TiO2, ZnO as the UV shield agent. Given that water will be the finishing medium of the fabric, I, after heaving determined distilled water to be the dispersed phase, study the dispersing activity of the nanometer powder in the water. I use some methods such as the subsiding experiment, Zeta potential testing and so on to explore ultrasonic vibration and pH value’s effects on nanometer-particle—water-dispersoid. According to the nanometer powder’s dispersing mechanism and theory in the medium, I select the carbonxylate polyelectrolyte, which has the function of electrosteric stabilization, as the dispersant. On the basis of having studied the dispersant’s effect on the surface electronic nature of the nanometer powder by way of Zeta potential, I primarily determine the dispersing art of anti-UV nanometer powder. I apply Laser Size Analyzer and SEM to explore the dispersing performance of the nanometer powder suspended liquid made under this art and obtain a fine dispersing effect In order to examine the anti-UV performance of the suspendedliquid of nanometer powder after having implemented simple dip-roll finishing to the cotton textile, I use UV Transmittance Analyzer to test the anti-UV ability of the textile. According to the UV transmittance curve, I can see that the protecting area of TiO2 and that of ZnO is slightly different; to make it more specific, TiO2’s anti-UVB ability is better, while ZnO’s anti-UVA ability is better. Given that the dispersants selected by this subject can make TiO2 and ZnO have relatively similar surface electric nature and the dispersants are o little difference, I try combiningly using TiO2 and ZnO so as to obtain better anti-UV effect in view of this, I use the transmittance of UVA and UVB as the index to make orthogonal experiments of the mixing rate of the nanometer powder, the dose of the dispersants and the pH value of the suspended liquid to determine the best combining formula which can make the cotton textile after finishing have the fine anti-UV effect both on the UVA and UVB area.The functional finishing fabrics should not only have the fine anti-UV performance but also should be washfast and have fine wearability. Thereof, this subject after having analyzed the performance of更多还原