【作者】 许斌；

【导师】 何秀凤；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 大地测量学与测量工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 由于我国独特而复杂的地形地质条件,高边坡稳定性问题成为当前我国大型水电工程建设中的一个关键技术难题。传统的边坡形变监测方法由于其技术落后、对环境要求严格、监测成本高以及自动化程度差等问题难以满足当今边坡安全监测的要求。全球定位系统(GPS)以其精度高、速度快、全天候等优点成为当今最先进的形变监测方法之一,但将GPS应用到水电工程的高边坡的形变监测,在三维定位的精度和监测系统成本等方面还存在一些问题。本文以小湾电站高边坡为研究背景,针对GPS在高边坡形变监测中存在的问题,采用GPS一机多天线技术开发远程自动化边坡形变监测系统。本文主要研究内容如下: 1.探讨GPS远程自动化形变监测系统的组成及设计方案,重点设计监测系统数据采集、数据传输、数据处理与分析预报等组成部分。 2.研究GPS单历元定位算法。建立了边坡体形变监测模型,讨论了形变监测中GPS单历元观测定位方法,避开“周跳的探测与修复”及“整周模糊度的确定”等问题,简化数据处理进程。 3.基于卡尔曼滤波方法的形变分析与预报研究。针对边坡连续观测数据,采用卡尔曼滤波算法估计形变量,并对边坡形变趋势作出预报。 4.开发GPS多天线控制器控制软件,并对系统进行软硬件调试。采用C语言编程实现GPS源码文件的接收和发送及监测现场至控制中心的数据传输。 5.应用研究的定位算法和开发的软件对小湾电站高边坡形变量进行计算,并用图表方式直观显示边坡的三维形变量。更多还原

【Abstract】 The stability of steep slopes has become a key technology problem of large hydropower constructions due to the special and complex environments of the terrain and geology in China. Traditional surveying methods for slopes deformation monitoring have been difficult to meet the requirements of current safety monitoring of the slopes for its out-of-date techniques, limitations in surroundings, high cost and poor automation. Global positioning system (GPS) has become one of the most advanced tools in the deformation monitoring for the advantages of high accuracy, real-time and all weather operations. However, there are still some problems on 3D positioning accuracy and high cost of deformation monitoring for slopes of the hydropower constructions. The paper describes the research background of steep slopes in Xiaowan hydropower station. The GPS multi-antenna method has been used to develop the long-rang automatic system for slope deformation monitoring in order to solve the problems on slopes deformation monitoring using GPS. The emphasis in this work has been placed on1. The investigation of the design scheme of long-rang automatic slope deformation monitoring system using GPS. The key parts include data acquisition, data transfer, data processing and deformation forecasting.2. The development of the methodology to process single epoch GPS observations for deformation surveys. The deformation model of slopes is established, and the method of the GPS single epoch positioning is used to avoid cycle slip detection and ambiguity resolution, so that the data processing procedure can be simplified greatly.3. The development of Kalman filtering for deformation analysis and deformation forecasting. Kalman filtering is used to estimate slope deformation using the continuous GPS observations.4. The development of the software program for the GPS multi-antenna controller. The software and hardware of the system have been tested. Programs are compiled by language C to implement the function of receiving and sending GPS binary data, and transmitting data from monitoring field to control center.5. The implementation of the steep slope deformation monitoring system for Xiaowan hydropower station using GPS positioning algorithm and software developed in this work. And the deformation information of slopes in 3D has been displayed directly.更多还原