【作者】 吴海梁；

【导师】 郭英华；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 环境与资源保护法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国在改革开放以后,随着经济的加快发展,环境问题日益突出。医疗废物管理也日益成为社会关注的一个话题。医疗废物管理法律法规是国家为了从根本上有效地解决医疗废物问题而制定的废物管理政策目标和为实现目标所规定的措施、程序、方法等各种法律规范。我国于2003年6月出台了《医疗废物管理条例》,但还存在很多不足之处需要完善。针对医疗废物管理中出现的一些问题,有必要对其进行理论上的探讨。本文研究目的在于通过分析我国医疗废物管理立法的基本架构和基本原则,发现我国医疗废物管理法律制度的缺陷并探讨制定法律法规的方向及更加科学的法律制度,这对我国医疗废物管理法律法规的完善具有重要意义。 本文分五个部分。 第一部分,导论。提出医疗废物对环境的影响和挑战,指出我国面前在医疗废物管理中的缺失。介绍理论界对此领域的研究现状,提出本文的理论目标和结构。 第二部分,医疗废物管理法律制度界说。这部分探讨了医疗废物的概念、特点及分类,分析了医疗废物管理和法律医疗废物管理法律制度的概念。在此基础上,分析了国外医疗废物管理的立法概况以及对我国相关立法的启示。 第三部分,分析我国医疗废物管理法律制度的现状。探讨我国医疗废物管理立法的基本架构,提出全面贯彻“减量化、资源化、无害化”三原则,探讨我国医疗废物法律制度的缺陷,发现不足并探讨发展方向。 第四部分,完善我国医疗废物管理法律制度。根据我国目前医疗废物管理法律制度立法和执行过程中出现的问题,借鉴国外经验,提出进一步的发展方案,探讨制定既适合我国国情的又反映国际化发展趋势的法律制度。(1)分类回收法律制度:应建立生产者负责回收法律制度。(2)集中处置法律制度:严格执行经营许可证制度,配套执行医疗废物申报登记制度,实现医疗废物处置产业化。(3)处置收费法律制度:提出我国目前适合按床位收费,并对具体价位及调整浮动进行探讨。(4)法律责任:提出建立完备的医疗废物法律责任体系,建议引入惩罚性赔偿法律制度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Since China’s reformation and open-door policy, with the fast economic development, the environment problem has been more and more apparent. Medical waste management is also becoming one of the focuses of the society. Legal systems of medical waste management include the policy objective of medical waste management in a country, as well as the law norms to realize these objectives. According to the problems we have met in the medical waste management, it is necessary for us to study this problem in theory. The aim of this article is to find out the not perfect points in the medical waste management system through analyzing basic principles and the comparison with the external legal system, and it has a great significant to improve present legal system.The article is divided into five parts.The first part introduces the motive and objective of this article and the actuality of academic research.The second part researches the content of legal system of medical waste management. This part elaborates basic concept of medical waste, characters and classification of medical waste, concept of medical waste management and main contents of medical waste management law system in China and abroad. To find out problems that exist under the present law system and law norms that guarantees sustainable development.The third part analyzes the basic principles of medical waste management. The part elaborates the ideas of circular economic. On the basis of them, the part analyzes "minimization" "resources recovery" and "innocuous treatment" policy as three basic principles of medical waste management law. To research defects and development direction through studying the present generation, treatment and disposal situation of medical waste.The fourth part mainly analyzes some existing problems during the establishment and execution of legal systems nowadays, suggestions for further development fromthe experience of other countries were also mentioned. As for establishing medical waste management law system, that not only coincides with situation in china, but also reflects globalization trend so as to complete legal system. Firstly, classification recovery system for reusing goods, Extended Producer Responsibility system should be established. Secondly, centralized treatment legal system, more concrete standards and methods should necessarily be brought out, and so is the scheme that improves their industrialization. Thirdly, Polluter Pays System. Pays should be on the basic of bad quantities. Fourthly, legal duties, punitive damages system should be established.In the last part, it is suggested that the government should push on sustainable medical waste management strategy in the future.更多还原