【作者】 吕祝乌；

【导师】 张展羽；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 在目前水资源十分短缺的情况下,开发利用新水源已备受关注,微咸水作为农业灌溉的新兴水源已成为国内外研究的热点,并逐步进行推广利用,但由于微咸水的灌溉过程中易产生土壤盐碱化的现象,因此对土壤水盐状况进行研究分析,建立合理的作物水盐优化调控管理模式就显得尤为重要。本文是在综述国内外微咸水利用的基础上,阐述了土壤水盐运移的基本理论,并分析了作物水盐最优灌溉制度的制定,最后从可持续发展角度出发,指出了在利用微咸水进行农业灌溉制度管理中存在的主要问题及今后努力的方向。并着力研究了以下几个方面内容:1. 以SPAC系统作为研究对象,建立了大田水盐平衡数学模型;然后根据达西定律和质量守恒原理建立了土壤水盐运动模型,并对两类不同的水盐运移模型进行了机理分析与模型参数的确定。2. 分析了大田水盐平衡数学模型的求解方法;利用隐式有限差分法对土壤水盐运动模型进行了离散求解,实现了水盐运移的数值模拟,然后以江苏射阳试验站实测资料与数值解对比表明:运动模型能够较好地描述土壤剖面水盐的运动过程,两类模型均能预测农田水盐的变化趋势,均可用于作物灌溉制度的设计。3. 研究了作物水盐生产函数的表达形式,并将其应用于咸、淡水交替灌溉的最优灌溉制度,采用两级水平的求解方法建立了灌溉制度优化模型。在模型中引入土壤水盐动态模型作为控制条件,最后编制了计算程序。4. 结合射阳试验站冬小麦的咸淡水灌溉试验,分别计算了不同灌溉设计保证率下的最优灌溉制度,为当地微咸水资源的利用及咸、淡水灌溉制度管理提供了理论指导。研究表明:合理利用微咸水资源灌溉作物能够较好地解决淡水资源短缺的问题,防止土壤盐碱化的发生,并且可以提高作物的产量,达到节水、控盐、丰产的目的,具有良好的经济效益与环境效益。更多还原

【Abstract】 In the situation of the shortage of the water resource, developing and using new water resource become more and more important. As a new resource in the irrigation of agriculture, brackish water’s research become the focus in the world, and it’s used greatly. Because of the phenomena of soil salinization, it’s important to research water and salt movement in soil and establish reasonable pattern in crop water-salt optimal control.This text has explained the soil water salt and transported the basic theories moved on the basis of the thing that the domestic and international brackish water’s survey is utilized , have analysed the formulation of crop water salt irrigation system optimumly, proceed from sustainable development angle finally, point out subject matter in utilizing brackish water on agricultural irrigation and diligent direction in the future existing of the system management. Put forth effort to study the content of several respects of the following:1. Regarded SPAC system as the research object , established the water-salt balanced mathematics model in field, and set up the movement model of water-salt according to Darcy law and quality conservation principle, transporte two kinds of different model with mechanism analysis and sureness of the parameter.2. Analysed the method of solving the water-salt balanced mathematics model in field for growing crops; utilize implicit limited difference to solve move to soil water-salt movement model, realized the numerical simulation of water-salt movement; Then survey the numerical value and compare with measured date from experiment station: Movement model can describe the migration course of water-salt in soil sectional well, two model can also predict farmland variation tendency of water of salt and be used in crop irrigate design of system.3. Have studied the expression form of the water salt production function of crops, and apply it to optimum alternative irrigation system with salty and fresh water, adopt two grades method to set up the optimum irrigation models. Lead into soil water salt dynamic model as terms of controlling, finally compile the calculation procedure among model..4. With winter wheat’s irrigation experiment of salty and fresh water in sheyang experiment station, calculate the optimum irrigation system in different design guaranteeing rate, offere the theoretical direction for the utilize of local brackish water resources and the management of salty-fresh water irrigation.Studies have shown: rational utilization of brackish water resources in irrigating the crops can solve the problem of the shortage fresh water resources well , prevent salinization of soil from occurring, and can improve the output of the crop , achieve the purpose in economizing on water, accusing of the salt, getting bumper crops, and have good economic and environmental benefits.更多还原