东西方面孔提取过程中熟悉性和记住的ERP研究

【作者】 樊晓燕；

【导师】 郭春彦；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 基础心理学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 双加工模型认为外显记忆有两种不同的形式:熟悉性和记住。认知神经科学对熟悉性和记住进行了大量的研究,认为熟悉性和记住是功能上分离的两个过程,并且这两个过程依赖于性质上不同的神经机制。 在日常生活中,我们常常有这样一种感觉,即非本种族的面孔看起来都大同小异,且时间长了感到记不住,这种识别和记忆非本种族面孔感到很困难的现象称之为“异族效应”。异族效应在法律界和心理学界已经被广泛接受了,但是还没有足够的理由来解释这种现象以及它工作的机制。 以往的研究大多以文字或图片材料作为刺激,本研究以面孔为刺激材料,使用64导ERP技术,以首都师范大学在校大学为被试,研究了东西方面孔提取过程中熟悉性和记住的新旧效应以及异族效应,为再认记忆的双加工模型以及异族效应的神经机制提供了一些补充。 对于熟悉性和记住的新旧效应,研究结果表明无论是对东方面孔,还是对西方面孔,熟悉性和记住都存在显著的新旧效应。与记住相比,熟悉性有较小的振幅和较短的持续时间,两种记忆都与两侧有关,脑电位在顶区最大。对于西方面孔没有表现出熟悉性和记住之间的差异。 对于异族效应,研究结果发现在前注意阶段存在东西方面孔的差异。记住的异族效应主要表现在前头部,左半球差异显著,右半球差异不显著。熟悉性的异族效应则主要表现在后头部和左半球前部。 人类对面孔的识别不同于对物体和字词的识别,本研究也发现了一个颞枕部(occipitotemporal)的面孔特异性N170,反映了面孔视觉分析的早期阶段。更多还原

【Abstract】 The dual-process models suggest that there are two forms of recognition: familiarity and recollection. The results of cognitive neuroscience on recollection and familiarity suggest that they are two functionally dissociable processes, and they rely on qualitatively distinct brain regions or neural mechanisms.In daily life, we often feel that people of other races appear more similar to each other than people of our own race, and it is very difficult to recognize members from another race, this phenomenon is referred to as ’the other-race effect’. Although the other-race effect is commonly accepted among experts in the areas of law and psychology, there is no widely accepted account of the reason for the effect and the mechanisms through which it works.Prior research on familiarity and recollection has relied largely on verbal material, The present study investigated the old/new effect of familiarity and recollection, as well as the other-race effect during the retrieval of east faces and west faces by using 64-channel ERP technology, the result provided the dual-process models and the neural mechanism of other-race effect some supplements. The participants were the students of Capital Normal University.For both faces, the result showed significant old/new effect of familiarity and recollection. Both memory experiences were associated with bilateral, parietal-maximum brain potentials, relative to recollection, familiarity has smaller amplitudes and shorter duration. There is no differences between familiarity and recollection for west faces.For other-race effect, a possible pre-attentive process difference associated with the race of the faces. The other-race effect of recollection was obvious in frontal scalp, the differences were significant in left Hemisphere, but not in right hemisphere, whereas the posterior scalp and frontal left hemisphere mainly showed the other-race effect of familiarityThe human’s ability of recognizing faces is dissociated from non-face object recognition. The present study indicated that there was an occipitotemporal face-specific N170, which reflected the early stage of face visual analysis.更多还原