【作者】 王振莲；

【导师】 赵琦；

【作者基本信息】 首都师范大学 ， 植物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 莲属(Nelumbo Adans)被认为是最早的被子植物之一,它兼有双子叶和单子叶植物的特征,在被子植物系统演化中占据着相当独特的地位。莲子在无可见光的情况下能合成叶绿素,这在高等植物中亦很少见,另外莲子是有名的长寿种子,在地层沉寂几百年甚至上千年后仍能萌发长成幼苗,莲的这些特性引起了国内外学者关注。 本研究利用AFLP技术对古太子莲、太空莲及三种现代莲(舞妃莲、牡丹莲和美洲黄莲)进行了DNA多态性分析,选用56对具有三个选择性碱基的引物进行扩增,检测出2550条带,其中多态性条带为1445条,占56.7%,用UPMGA方法进行聚类分析,结果显示了五种莲的亲缘关系。在相似系数为0.63时,将它们分成美洲黄莲与亚洲莲两大类群,在相似系数0.75附近将这五个品种分为三大类即美洲黄莲、亚洲莲和美洲黄莲及亚洲莲的杂交后代。 接着从结构和功能两个方面比较了这五种莲的光合特性,探究不同时空对它们光合特性产生的影响。结构方面,我们对五个样品叶绿体的显微和超微结构进行观察,结果发现古太子莲与三种现代莲的叶绿体超微结构相似,都具有典型高等植物叶绿体的形态特征;但太空莲与其它几种现代莲相比,叶绿体发生了很大变化,没有明显的基粒和基质结构之分。功能方面,采用常规的叶绿体提取方法制备了五种莲叶绿体,检测了① 叶绿素a、b的含量 ② 吸收光谱及二、四阶导数 ③ 荧光光谱等指标。结果表明:在现代莲中,美洲黄莲的叶绿素含量最高,说明莲属中美洲黄莲与亚洲莲两大类群之间尽管形态相似,但光合作用方面还存在微小差别;经过微重力处理的太空莲叶绿素含量与两种现代亚洲莲(舞妃莲、牡丹莲)基本相似;而古太子莲的叶绿素含量却明显降低。通过荧光光谱的检测,我们发现太空莲与其他三种现代莲相比,光系统Ⅱ的活性较弱,推测太空的微重力和射线影响它光系统Ⅱ的活性。 本文得到的五种莲亲缘关系结果与它们的系谱非常吻合。对其光合特性的研究证实了古莲光合特性与现代莲相似;而太空莲的叶绿体结构和功能却发生了变化,主要表现为光合系统Ⅱ降低。更多还原

【Abstract】 It is considered that lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) is one of the pioneer angiosperm, which shows both characteristic of dicotyledon and monocotyledon and has the most important place in the evolvement of angiosperm system. The lotus can produce chlorophyll at condition of invisible light, which is rarely for higher plant; On the other hand, the lotus is famous for its longevity, which can grow into spring seedling even though it was buried underground for hundreds of years and even thousands of years; The particularity of lotus spurs domestic and foreign researchers to research them.DNA polymorphism of Tai-zi lotus, Aether lotus and three kinds of present lotus is studied by AFLP analysis. 56 selective primers produced 1445 polymorphic bands out of the total of 2550 bands amplified, accounting for 56.7 %. The molecular phylogenetic tree generated by UPMGA method showed that the genetic relationship among 5 accessions, they can be grouped into two groups as Nelumbo Lutea(wild.) and Asia Lotus when the similarity coefficient is 0.63 and grouped into three groups as Nelumbo Lutea(wild.), Asia Lotus and cross bred by Nelumbo Lutea(wild.) and Asia Lotus; The above results are consistent with the past research conclusion.Then the photosynthetic characteristic of the five samples are studied on structure and function, and effect of temporal and spatial on the photosynthetic characteristic are also discussed. Chloroplast structure of the samples are observed by light microscope and electron microscope and results show the chloroplast ultrastructure are similar among Tai-Zi, Nelumbo Lutea(wild.), peony lotus and Wu-fei Lotus, having model morphologic characteristic of higher plant and there obviously have substratum and granulum basale, but compared with other present lotus, chloroplast of Aether lotus has not obvious substratum and granulum basale. The study of the function indicates that the chlorophyll content of Nelumbo Z,wtea(wild.) is the highest which shows there are tiny difference in chlorophyll although Nelumbo Lutea(wild.) and Asia Lotus are similar in configuration;, chlorophyll content of Aether lotus is consistent with two present lotus; chlorophyll content of Tai-Zi obviously decrease compared with two present lotus. Fluorescencespectrum indicates the active of light system II of Aether lotus slowdown compared with present lotus, which are influenced by outer space microgravity and ray.In this paper, the results of genealogy are confirmed by results of genetic relationship among five group lotuses. The study shows that the photosynthetic characteristic of Tai-zi lotus are similar with present lotus; while chloroplast structure and function of Aether lotus are changed, which shows photosynthetic system II decrease.更多还原