【作者】 任春颖；

【导师】 刘湘南；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 “地学信息图谱”(Geo-InformaticTUPU)是用数字化、系列化的图形图像揭示客观事物和现象空间结构特征与时空变化规律的一种方法与手段,它能够将复杂问题的本质属性简洁、直观地可视化表达,建立起现象的图形模式,从而认识其内在规律,并通过图形运算,构建动态变化模型,开展预测与调控研究。在遥感、地理信息系统、网络通信、虚拟现实、计算机制图等技术手段的支持下,地学信息图谱将地学分析思想与计算机技术有机地结合在一起,拓展了地学信息多维表达与图解分析的形式,同时提高了地学图谱的信息含量,使之成为地学研究的一种重要分析工具。信息图谱模型为土地盐碱化研究提供了一种谱系化、定量化与定位化相结合的研究方法,本文选取吉林省西部盐碱化典型区域长岭县、镇赉县、大安市作为研究区,以遥感影像为基础数据,在GIS技术支持下,从时空变化、尺度效应、景观特征等多个角度对盐碱化土地进行图形运算、空间分析,通过不拘一格的数字化图形、曲线系列抽象表达出不同维度上的特征与规律,探讨土地盐碱化过程的多维性与复杂性,将盐碱化土地时空特征与景观特征衔接、数学模型与图谱模型结合,以盐碱化土地时空演变基本模式、空间扩展过程和景观特征分析为框架构建盐碱化土地信息图谱模型研究体系,发挥图谱模型数据挖掘、知识发现的特长,将宏观动态变化与微观特征相联系,进一步挖掘土地盐碱化过程与人类活动影响的关系,为探索研究区盐碱化土地成因、过程,预测其未来发展变化趋势及其对环境影响提供相关科学依据。全文共分为四部分,第一章分析了土地盐碱化及信息图谱模型的研究现状,阐明了研究意义、研究内容、研究目标和研究方法,并说明研究所需数据资料的来源以及数据处理方法;第二章介绍了研究区的范围、地理位置以及研究区内土地盐碱化的形成条件,包括自然条件和社会经济条件;第三章是以时空演变模式、空间扩展过程、景观特征等为框架构建盐碱化典型区域信息图谱模型,分别从盐碱地图形的数量结构特征、尺度特征、空间动态性和景观特征等角度对其进行图形运算与分析,对图谱方法在土地盐碱化研究中的应用进行了实证分析;第四章对本文的研究内容加以总结,并提出了研究中有待于解决的问题。更多还原

【Abstract】 In recent years, Geo-informatic TUPU has become the hot spot in geo-informatic sciencefield, which integrates many advanced theories and technologies, such as cartography,computer science, geographic information science, remote sensing and so on. It makes gooduse of series of digital images or graphics to explore the spatial structure and thespatial-temporal rules of geographical objects or phenomena. Geo-informatic TUPU modelcan compactly, visually display the essential attributes of complicated problems and constructgraphics modes of corresponding phenomena. The most outstanding characteristics of TUPUmodel are multi-dimension, dynamic and pedigrees etc. Furthermore, it widens styles ofgeographical information multi-dimension expression and improves the weight ofgeographical TUPU information through combining geo-analysis thinking with computertechnology. Taking Changling County, Zhenlai County and Da’an City of Jilin Province as researchareas, based on remote sensing data, graphics operation and spatial analysis are carried out indifferent points of views, including temporal, spatial, scale (spatial resolution) and landscapeetc; all aspects analysis of this dissertation are abstractively expressed by digital graphics andseries of curves which are not stick to one pattern to discussing multi-dimension andcomplicated attributes of the salinized process. Linking up temporal-spatial characteristicswith landscape indices while combining mathematics model and Geo-informatic TUPUmodel, this dissertation puts forward the fundamental frame: temporal-spatial evolvementpattern, spatial extension process analysis and landscape characteristics analysis of salinizedland. Temporal-spatial evolvement pattern analysis extracts the essential quantity features andtransformation modes of salinized land, and also analyzes patches spatial geometricalparameters scale feature; spatial extending process analysis discusses the change rate andecological modes; landscape feature analysis utilizes landscape graphics indices to describesalinized land microcosmic graphics features and changes. This dissertation tries to deepenthe ability of data mining and multi-dimension expression of TUPU model and discuss therelationship between macroscopically dynamic transformation and microcosmic features inorder to provide scientific evidence for driving forces diagnosis, establishment of mechanismmodel and forecasting model for salinized land. This dissertation is divided into four chapters as follows: The first chapter summarizesthe present study of geo-informatic TUPU and soil salinization, then explains the main studycontents, significance, aims and study methods, data source and data processing methods inthis study. The second chapter illuminates the extent of study area and formation environmentof soil salinization, including natural circumstance and society economical background. Thethird chapter is composed of three parts which are the main framework of this study, andthose are essential modes of spatial-temporal changes, spatial extension process analysis andlandscape characteristics of salinized land. The fourth chapter summarizes study content ofthis paper and states the future work of this thesis.更多还原