【作者】 王玉佳；

【导师】 许德玄；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本论文以我国目前的能源状况为出发点,详细阐述了我国目前的能源现状及存在的问题。其中能源短缺、电力供应紧张、环境污染严重是困扰我国持续发展的主要难题之一。由我国电力中长期发展预测,不难看出,以煤电为主的格局将一直延续到本世纪中期,而现有燃煤电站越来越不适应发展的需要,它们利用的技术多为低效率和高污染的,由此产生三大问题:煤耗高、环境污染严重、耗水量大。为实现可持续发展的战略目标,洁净煤发电技术是唯一可行的选择,它将是我国煤电的未来。其中 IGCC(整体煤气化联合循环)最受重视。然而在 IGCC 大规模的推广过程中,急待解决的问题之一是:燃气轮机对进入其燃烧室的燃气有粒度(1～5μm)和含尘浓度(小于 30mg/m3标)方面的要求。目前 IGCC采用的移动颗粒床过滤除尘装置,虽然其总除尘效率较高,但在 0.5～9μm粒径范围内的收集效率却较低,所以,进一步提高细微尘粒的去除效率对移动颗粒层高温除尘工艺的发展具有非常重要的意义。本论文在静电除尘技术的启发下,进行了大量的理论研究并在前人实验的基础上自行设计和初步实验了分别在颗粒过滤层前端和过滤层上施加高电压,即:形成预荷电和静电增强电场。研究了单纯颗粒层过滤,只有预荷电作用时颗粒层过滤,只有静电增强作用时颗粒层过滤以及预荷电和静电增强同时作用时颗粒层过滤的情况。得出结论:单纯颗粒层除尘状态下,去除效率最高可达 94.5%;当预荷电的外加电压低于火花放电电压,预荷电的平均场强达 4.61kV/cm、风压差为 300～450Pa 时去除效率最高,可达 99.9%;静电增强对颗粒层过滤除尘有一定的促进作用。其最佳值为平均场强达 2.0kV/cm、当风压差为 300Pa 时,去除效率最高,达 99.1%;预荷电与静电增强同时作用,对去除效率的影响大于它们分别作用的情况,由实验确定,预荷电与静电增强共同作用的最佳参数为:风压差为 300Pa,预荷电的平均场强为 4.0kV/cm,静电增强的平均场强为 2.0kV/cm,此时的去除效率可达到 99.9%。且产生静电增强作用的电场内颗粒层均为绝缘体,其层间没有电流通过,除了因颗粒层结露和低比电阻粉尘的沉积而增加漏电流外,电源只提供高压静电场,不消耗电能。采用预荷电与静电增强电场同时作用的方式是既提高除尘效率又节约电能的经济之举。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis base on the state of the energy sources our country,expound the state of theenergy sources at present and the existent problems.The question of the shortage of energy,electric power served in difficult and environment pollution seriously is the most problem thatrestrict economy our country. Predict the medium-long term development of the energysources in our country,the structure of energy source come from coal mostly will not changein 50 years. But at present the coal power plant cannot fill the requirement of the developmentof economy. Because the technology who adopt is low-efficiency and high-pollution, thenproduced three questions: consumed coal highly; environment pollution seriously; consumeda great deal water. For realize the aim of the continue development, the choice of thetechnology of generating electricity from coal cleanly is one way only. It is the future ofgenerating electricity from coal. The IGCC (integer gasification combined cycle.) isrecognized mostly But in the course of extend the IGCC, the question that in dire need of solving is gasengine need the gas that will come in the burning room and the dirt granularity highly.Although at present the equipment that IGCC adopt filtration moving particle bed has highefficiency in dust-collection, but it has low efficiency when the particle granularity in 0.5～9μm. So enhance the efficiency more has important meaning. This thesis is enlightened by the technology of electrostatic dust-collection, so muchinvestigation was done, the experiment was designed that high voltage was inflicted on thefront of particle layer filtration and layer filtration, viz. form per charge and electrostaticenhanced field. Investigated the state that effected by pure particle layer filtration, effectedonly by per charge and only by electrostatic, and both effected the layer filtration. The conclusion is effected by pure particle layer filtration, the efficiency is the Highest, itcan come to 94.5%, when the condition is: outside voltage is lower than the voltage of sparkle;average intensity electric field is 4.16kv/cm, the pressure of wind is 300～450Pa,theefficiency can come to 99.9%, enhancing electrostatic had some effect on dust-collectionparticle layer, average intensity electric field is 2.0kV/cm can got the best result. the pressureof wind is 300Pa, the efficiency can come to 99.1%, when enhancing electrostatic andpercharge both effected, the influence is distinct than when they effect alone. The experimentcan come to the conclusion that: the pressure of wind is 300Pa; average intensity electric fieldof percharge is 4.0kv/cm; average intensity electric field of enhancing electrostatic is2.0kV/cm can got the best result. And that the particle layer which brought the electrified ofenhancing electrostatic is insulator. The layer has no current across, power supply onlyprovided the high voltage of electrostatic except that leap current brought by the particle layercoming into being dew and the aggradation of low proportion dirt. So we can got that whenboth electricity strengthen and percharge were used in the same time can enhance theefficiency and save electric power.更多还原