【作者】 宋丽文；

【导师】 任炳忠； 高长启；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 落叶松八齿小蠹作为北方落叶松林蛀干害虫的先锋种,经常猖獗成灾,侵害健康或半健康活立木,对落叶松人工林经营构成了巨大威胁。但因其个体小、生活隐蔽、繁殖迅速,给监测和防治带来很大困难。近年来,随着害虫抗药性、环境污染等问题的出现,利用聚集信息化合物防治和监测害虫的技术越来越受到人们的广泛重视。 本文从室内电生理反应和田间试验两个方面,系统地研究了一系列信息化合物对落叶松八齿小蠹的聚集作用效果,通过筛选并优化,首次获得了 2 种对落叶松八齿小蠹具有显著诱集效果的信息化合物诱芯配方—诱芯 1 和诱芯 2,其中最佳配方诱芯 1在一个扬飞季节中平均每个诱捕器诱集成虫近四千只。 利用触角电位(Electroantennogram,EAG)技术考察了 33 种信息化合物对落叶松八齿小蠹的生理活性,试验结果表明其中 17 种信息化合物对落叶松八齿小蠹具有生理活性,其反应敏感程度依次为(-)-Ipseno(l1.2902mV),Ipsenol(50%+/50%-) (1.1959 mV),Ipsdienol(50%+/50%-) (1.0432mV),(+)-Ipsdienol (0.9369 mV),myrtenol(0.7774 mV),无水乙醇(0.6464 mV),Alpha-pinene(0.6294 mV)等。 田间试验(2002-2004 年)结果表明,复组分诱芯 1 [ipsdienol(97%+/3%-) + Ipsenol(3%+/97%-) + 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol]对落叶松八齿小蠹的引诱效果最显著;同时,对诱芯 1 中各组分的旋光性对引诱效果的影响进行了试验研究,结果表明诱芯 5 [ipsdienol(97%+/3%-) + Ipsenol(50%+/50%-) + 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol] 、 诱 芯 2 [ipsdienol(50%+/50%-) + Ipsenol(3%+/97%-)+ 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol] 及 诱 芯 8 [ipsdienol(50%+/50%-) + Ipsenol(50%+/50%-) + 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol] 均对落叶松八齿小蠹具有不同程度的引诱效果,但其引诱效果均低于诱芯 1;试验结果还表明,上述复组分诱芯的引诱效果是 Ipsdienol 和 Ipsenol 二者协同作用的结果,缺一不可。 此外,我们还对筛选、优化得到的复组分诱芯 1 的有效作用半径进行了研究,结果表明,林缘外 50 米、100 米、150 米、200 米四种距离在 0.01 水平上的诱集效果无显著差异,但与林内同种诱芯相比,林缘外 50 米处诱芯的诱集效果却极显著增加。 2004 年在长春市净月潭对落叶松八齿小蠹扬飞期进行了考察研究,并获得了其扬飞曲线,研究结果表明,该虫从 4 月下旬开始扬飞,一年中共出现三次扬飞高峰期,第一次出现在五月上旬,第二次在六月中旬,第三次高峰期在七月中旬出现,至九月上旬扬飞基本结束。与前人在黑龙江省研究的结果相比,各次扬飞高峰期均有不同程度的提前,依次大约为 10 天、30 天、30 天。更多还原

【Abstract】 borer in north China. When it reaches the epidemic level, it can even attack healthy trees. Due to the small body, hidden life, coupled with rapid reproduction, it’s difficult to control and monitor the beetle. In recent years, with the resistance of pests to chemical insecticides and government restrict to utilization of chemical pesticides, much attention has been turned to semiochemicals for the new approaches to controlling and monitoring the pests. By the way of electroantennogram (EAG) and field test, some semiochemicals were tested for aggregation effect to Ips subelongatus. At the same time, three effective attractant lures were chosen, of which the best one trapped up to four thousand beetles in the flight season. Thirty-three semiochemicals were test on bioactivity to the beetle by means of EAG. The result suggests that the beetle is sensitive to (-)-ipsenol, ipsenol(50%+/50%-), ipsdienol(50%+/50%-), (+)-ipsdienol, myrtenol, ethanol, alpha-pinene, et al. Result of field test showed that Lindgren multiple funnel traps baited with multi-component synethetic lure 1, which comprises of ipsdienol(97%+/3%-), ipsenol(3%+/97%-) and 3-methyl-3-buten-1-ol, was the most attractive to the beetle. But if either of ipsdienol(97%+/3%-) or ipsenol(3%+/97%-) was replaced by racemic compounds or deleted, the efficacy of the lure will be significantly decreased. Research on effective attractant radium of the most attractive synthetic lure, lure 1, showed no significant difference between trapping efficacy of baited traps established at 50m, 100m, 150m and 200m outside the mature larch plantation. But the efficacy of the one at 50m outside the plantation was significantly higher than that of the one inside the plantation. The capture tendency was also summarized from the field work. The flight starts in late April in Changchun and there are three flight peaks in one year. The first peak comes in early May, second in middle June and third in middle July. Then the capture minimized in early September. Compared with previous result from research in Heilongjiang Province, the three flight peaks come earlier by some 10, 30 and 30 days in Changchun.更多还原