【作者】 刘宇；

【导师】 杨志杰；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 动物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 2004.2—2004.8 在吉林省左家自然保护区的天然次生林内利用人工巢箱开展对次级洞巢鸟的招引实验。选择4块面积不小于20ha的样地,其中3块作为实验样地,1块为对照样地。实验样地共悬挂山雀式人工巢箱113个,共有3种次级洞巢鸟:大山雀(Parus major)、普通鳾(Sitta europaea)、北红尾鸲(Phoenicurus auroreus) 和1种小型兽类花鼠Eutamias sibiricus 利用了90个巢箱,总利用率达79.6%。大山雀显现出对巢箱具有偏好,普通鳾更愿选择天然树洞,北红尾鸲的筑巢适应性最强,对巢箱也乐于进驻,但要靠近人类生活区。对巢箱繁殖的大山雀繁殖功效进行了较为细致的研究,研究表明:巢箱繁殖的大山巢雀种群窝卵数最小6枚最多14枚平均10.04±1.950, 10枚13巢占有比例最大,对种群生产力贡献最大的是窝卵数12枚的窝。有21巢大山雀繁殖失败,主要原因是人的破坏和花鼠捕食共有17巢,损失多发生在卵期,有16巢。大山雀种群自4月15起开始产卵,到8月11日最后出飞,历经119天,出现了2次明显的繁殖高峰,对两个高峰期的繁殖参数进行独立样本T检验表明:窝卵数、孵化期、孵出期、雏鸟期存在极显著差异(P<0.01),孵化率、出飞率、繁殖成功率虽差异不显著,但下降幅度也较大,大山雀种群随繁殖期的延长,繁殖力下降趋势明显。对巢箱与天然洞繁殖功效进行比较可知:平均产卵日期、出飞日期、雏鸟期差异极显著,孵化期差异显著,其它差异不显著的参数窝卵数、出雏数、孵化率、出飞数、出飞率和繁殖成功率都是巢箱优于天然洞。大山雀对人工巢箱的选择上,巢树为中心巢口方向180°10米半径范围乔木数量是最主要的因素,其次为巢树为中心10米半径范围乔木数量和巢树为中心10米半径范围灌木平均高度,而且巢树为中心10米半径范围灌木平均高度成为影响繁殖成功的最主要因子。更多还原

【Abstract】 This study was conducted between February and August, 2004, on approximately 90ha in Zuojia natural protective reserve in Jilin province. The aim of this study is to attract the secondary cavity-nesting bird with nest-boxes.3 of all 4 plots are experiment plots, one is control. I placed 113 nest-boxes in mountainous secondary forest. Three species of secondary cavity-nesting bird and a species of animal used nest-boxes, they are Great Tit (Parus major ), Eurasian Nuthatch (Sitta europaea ), Daurian Redstart ( Phoenicurus auroreus )and Siberian Chipmunk (Eutamias sibiricus). 90 of 113 nest-boxes are used, the utilization percentage is 79.6 %. Nesting success of Great Tit nests in nest-boxes was studied, the result showed: the clutch sizes varied from 6 to 14, mean clutch sizes are 10.04±1.950 eggs and it’s percentage is the biggest., the most contribution to population are from clutch of 12 eggs. There are 21 nests failed to reproductive, the main reason are destroyed by man and preyed by Siberian Chipmunk. The Great Tit population’s breeding period is 119 days, from the date of the first egg laid (15 Feb) to the date of the final nestling fledged (11 Aug).the number of nests laid eggs was strongly bimodal distribution within breeding period, the T-test showed: clutch size, incubation period, hatching period and nestling period existed extremly differences (p<0.01), productivity of the Great Tit population decreased significantly between the bimodal periods. The comparison of the reproductive characteristics of the Great Tit nested in nest-boxes and natural cavities was studied in this paper, the nesting success of nest-boxes is far better than natural cavities. The most important factor of nest-site selection of the Great Tit is the number of trees within a 10-m radius half circular plot towards the orientation of the entrance of the nest-boxes centered on nest tree, the number of trees within a 10-m radius circular plot centered on nest tree and the average height of the shrub in this range are very important. The average height of shrub is the most important factor to nesting success.更多还原