【作者】 王进；

【导师】 关连仲；

【作者基本信息】 东北师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 田径运动水平的提高,很大程度上取决于训练方法的正确性。由于现代科学技术的日益进步,田径运动训练向着科学化的方向发展,要使运动员达到高水平,只靠教练员在运动场上的活动或凭过去的经验,还远远不够,在很大程度上要取决于训练方法的科学性。科学训练是符合科学原理(生理学、生物力学、生物化学、统计学、运动心理学等)和客观规律的卓有成效的训练,它能对训练的全过程实现最佳控制。随着体育科学的发展,人们普遍认识到一项运动成绩的提高,必须使训练的全过程实现科学的定量化和模式化的最优控制,从而达到理想效果。于是,系统论、信息论、控制论等系统理论被引入到体育训练中,这就为实现专项能力训练最优化提供了可能。以模式训练法为代表的多因素训练法运用了现代科学理论的成果,从方法学上成功地解决了这一难题。模式训练法是一种按具有高度代表性的规范式目标模型的要求组织和把握运动训练过程的控制性方法;是在控制论的理论指导下,结合运动训练过程的特性,创造出来的。它可使训练过渡到程序化,使教练员和教辅人员能够进行系统性的训练,找出其薄弱环节,有针对性地加以定量分析。本文采用了文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、实验法以及数理统计法等多种方法,从理论上对模式训练法的基本结构、特点、优势、制定的依据、方案及实施等方面进行了深入的研究,证明了模式训练法应用于高校高水平男子跳远训练中的可行性,并应用模式训练法对东北师范大学田径队跳跃组高水平男子跳远运动员进行各项素质训练,通过实践和各类比赛验证,模式训练法能有效地提高跳远运动成绩,为高校训练跳远运动员提供了参考依据。更多还原

【Abstract】 The improvement of the level in track and fields is decided by the accuracy of trainingmethod. Since increasingly developing of modern scientific techniques, the training of trackand fields is developing towards to more scientific. It is not enough for athletes to achievehigher level just only depending on the activities in sports ground and the experience of coach.It mostly depends on the scientific nature of training methods. The scientific training is theeffective training that conforms to the theory of science (physiology, biomechanics,biochemistry, statistics, sports psychology) and objective law. It can control all the process oftraining. As the development of physical education, people come to realize that a high mark of anathletics depends on it training process which is underlining the most effective control ofquantity and model. Therefore, systems theory, information theory and cybernetics, etc shouldbe introduced to athletic training. These will provide an opportunity to realizing effectivetraining. Model training method, as a represent, which is a method of multi-factor, successfullyresolve the problem of application. This method is organized following the requirement ofrepresentative and norm target model. It is a method that controls the whole process oftraining. It is created with features of sports training. It could make the training orderly. Byusing model training method, trainers or instructors can give a systematic training, and findthe weakness and then make quantitive analysis. In the thesis, much literature was collected. Questionnaires, talks, experiments andstatistics are used to analyze the model training method deeply from the following aspectsbasic structures, features advantages, theoretical basics and application method, etc. Thethesis will prove the possibility of applying model training method into the training ofadvanced men’s Long Jump in colleges and universities. The experiment subjects are maleathletes of long jump in Northeast Normal University. By applying model training, thesubjects achieved higher marks. This shows the model training method can effectivelyimprove athletic achievement, which provides a reference to long jumpers of colleges anduniversities.更多还原