【作者】 王小红；

【导师】 李树伟；

【作者基本信息】 四川师范大学 ， 环境科学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文总结了近年来共振光散射光谱法分析领域的研究进展,介绍了该领域在理论与应用研究方面的重要成就。本论文在前人工作的基础上,利用共振光散射光谱法对环境水样中的主要污染物——铅、镉、阴离子表面活性剂的测定方法进行了深入的研究,并建立了一系列新的分析方法。实践表明,共振光散射光谱法应用于水环境分析有着广泛的前景。此外,本论文还通过研究不同pH条件下蛋白质与生物染料刚果红的结合数,将Scatchard模型应用于共振光散射光谱法中,并利用摩尔比法测定出了不同pH条件下蛋白质与刚果红的结合数,对进一步研究共振光散射光谱法的理论提供了一些研究数据。 本文利用共振光散射光谱法测定环境水样中的铅时,基于铅(Ⅱ)可以对牛血清白蛋白(BSA)—刚果红体系的共振光散射光谱(RLS)产生一定的增强作用,研究得出了测定铅的一种新方法,通过实验确定了适宜的反应条件以及共振光散射强度与铅(Ⅱ)浓度之间的关系。研究表明,在λ=575nm处,共振光散射强度较大且较稳定,并在一定范围内与铅(Ⅱ)浓度成线性关系,线性范围为0.0～7.0μg/mL,检测限为0.358μg/mL。该法实测含铅水样中的铅(Ⅱ),与原子吸收法比较,结果较为满意。利用共振光散射比浊法测定环境水样中的铅时,基于铅(Ⅱ)与重铬酸钾形成憎液溶胶体系,可以增强体系的共振光散射强度,研究发现,在λ=497nm处,共振光散射强度较大且较稳定,并且铅浓度在0.1～1.0μg/mL范围内与共振光散射强度成正比,检测限为0.057μg/mL。该法实测环境水样中的铅,与原子吸收法比较,结果令人满意。 本文在应用共振光散射光谱法测定环境水样中镉时,发现在1%的OP介质更多还原

【Abstract】 The article concluded resent research actuality and history in Resonance light scattering (RLS) field, respectively introduced the important achievement in theoretical research and the work in applicable research in RLS field.The article also deeply studied the determinative methods of Plumbum、 Cadmium and Anionic Surfactants(ASF) in environmental water samples by RLS and builded new correlative analytical methods. The article also used RLS to study other work in the correlative fields. Furthermore,the article also studied the combinative number of protein and biological dyestuff Congo red in different pH B-R suffer solution and gave the combinative model of biological big molecular and dyestuff ,that was Scatchard model, and used mole ratio method to acquire the combinative number of protein and Congo red.The article used RLS to determinate Plumbum in environmental water samples, on basis of enhanced effect with Plumbum (II)-BSA-Congo red system, new method of determining Plumbum (II) was founded. The optimum reaction conditions and the quantitative relationships of the intensities of RLS to the concentration of Plumbum were established. The RLS intensity at 575nm was respective maximum and proportional to the concentration of Plumbum .The method was simple and rapid with a detection limit of 0.358pμg/ml and a linear range of 0.0~7.0μg/mL.It has been applied to the determination of Plumbum in water with satisfactory results in contrast with atomicabsorption method. Based on Pb2+ and G2O72" to form hydrophobic sol system which enhances the RLS intensity of this system, Resonance light scattering turbidimetry (RLST) determinated Plumbum in environmental water samples. The optimum conditions and the quantitative relationships were established. The RLS intensity at 497nm was respective maximum and proportional to the concentration of Plumbum.The detection limit was 0.057ag/ml and linear range was 0.1~l.GjMg/mL. It has been applied to the determination of Plumbum in water with satisfactory results in contrast with atomic absorption method.The article used the method to determinate Cadmium in environmental water samples based on Cd2+ and S2"to form hydrophobic sol system. The optimum reaction conditions and the quantitative relationships were studied. A Resonance light scattering peak at 476nm was found and was proportional to the concentration of Cd2+ .The linear range was 0.0~20.0,Mg/ml with the detection limit of 6.33xlO’Vg/ml for the Cd2+.The RSD and Recovery was 1.2%~1A%, 99.80%~102.30% respectively. The method was simple and rapid and sensitive. It has been applied to the determination of Cd2+ of in environmental water samples and the result was satisfactory in contrast with atomic absorption method.The article used the method to determinate Anionic Surfactants(ASF) in environmental water samples, A new method has been developed based on ASF reacting with Rhodamine B to form the ion association complexes in pH 3.0 (SDS system) or pH 3.0 (SDBS system) buffer solution, which resulted in increase of resonance light scattering intensity. The maximum RLS peaks was at 518nm for RhB-SDS complex and 373nm for RhB-SDBS complex, respectively.The method had high sensitivity and the detection limits were 0.023Jag/mL for SDS and 0.038,Mg/mL for SDBS.This method was applied to the determination of anionic surfactants in synthesized water samples and environmental water samples with a recovery from 94.0% to 105.0% and compared with Methylene blue method with a satisfactory result. This method was simple and quick to determinate anionic surfactants in environmental water.Besides, the article also used RLS to study protein-Congo red system and Protein-Xylenol orange system and determinate human serum protein with satisfactory results.更多还原