我国商事登记法律效力研究

【作者】 唐杰；

【导师】 高晋康； 文敬；

【作者基本信息】 西南财经大学 ， 民商法学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文是一篇关于商事登记法律效力方面的文章。笔者试图运用比较法学等研究方法,对商事登记的法律效力进行系统地研究。笔者通过分析商事登记的法律效力以及商事登记法律制度中各个具体登记制度,比如商事登记审查制度、商事登记公告制度等,与商事登记法律效力的关系,系统地研究了商事登记的法律效力。笔者认为商事登记的法律效力不是一个单层次的而是一个多层次的效力结构,对商事登记法律效力进行研究需要从不同的层次进行分析。笔者希望通过系统研究商事登记的法律效力以及它与其他登记制度的关系能够进一步完善我国的商事登记制度,使其更加适用于市场经济,更好地发挥维护商事主体利益,保障交易安全和增进交易效率的作用。 本篇论文共分为五章,也即五个部分。 第一章笔者系统研究了商事登记法律效力的一般情况,认为商事登记不是单层次而是一个多层次的效力结构,对商事登记的法律效力进行研究应该从不同的角度、不同的层次来进行分析。首先,笔者定位分析了商事与商事登记,论述了不同学者对于商事登记法律效力的不同看法,认为商事登记是一个多层次的效力结构。其次,笔者根据引发商事登记的事因将商事登记分为设立登记、变更登记和注销登记三种,这三种登记所具有的登记效力也是不尽相同的。笔者在此基础上进一步分别探讨了设立登记、变更登记和注销登记各自具有的法律效力。 在第二章中,笔者进一步详细探讨了商事登记对不同主体也即对申请登记人、第三人以及登记机关的法律效力,尤其分析了商事登记对第三人在不同情况下所具有的法律效力。首先笔者分析了商事登记对申请登记人具有创设效力和免责效力。其次,笔者详细分析了商事登记在三种情况下对第三人的不同的法律效力,可以归纳为:(1)已登记并公告之事项可以对抗第三人,除非第三人证明其确实不知且不应知此事项。(2)应登记而未登记公告或虽登记但未公告之事项,不得对抗第三人,除非此事实为第三人所知。最后,笔者研究了不实登记的法律效力。不实登记分为虚假登记和非虚假登记两种情况。虚假登记严重威胁社会的交易秩序,通常是有利于申请登记人的,因此虚假登记一般情况下不得对抗善意第三人。非虚假登记通常是指登记与公告的内容不相符合。对于非虚假登记的法律效力,世界上主要存在着重登记主义和重公告主义两种不同的态度,从我国实际情况出发,我国应当采取重登记主义,以登记的内容为准。在第三章中,笔者研究了商事登记审查制度具体内容以及审查制度对登记效力的影响。笔者首先论述了商事登记审查制度的具体内容,认为我国商事登记审查制度在形式审查、实质审查和折衷审查三种方式中应该采用形式审查的方式。其次,笔者分析了商事登记形式审查、实质审查和折衷审查三种方式的法律效力,认为这三种不同的商事登记审查方式其证明效力是不同的。形式审查证明力最弱,实质审查证明力最强,而折衷审查则主张登记机关有实质审查的权利而无实质审查的义务,其登记的证明力居于形式审查和实质审查之间。第四章笔者分析了商事登记公告制度的具体内容以及公告制度对登记效力的影响。首先,笔者介绍了商事登记公告的概念、特点以及商事登记公告制度的价值。其次,笔者分析了商事登记公告对登记效力的影响。在未为公告、已为真实公告和为不实公告这三种情况下,重公告主义国家和重登记主义国家,其登记的效力是不同的。也即公告对登记效力的影响在不同情形下,在采取不同主义的国家中,其影响都是不同的。第五章笔者将商事登记的其他具体制度与商事登记的效力进行研究,探讨商事登记的其他制度对商事登记效力的影响。首先,笔者通过对商业名称的性质以及如何选定商业名称的分析,认为商业名称具有三种法律效力,即创设效力、排他效力和救济效力。其次,笔者分析了我国商事主体经营范围在商事登记上的法律效力并提出了越权相对无效的原则。最后,笔者从分析营业执照的法律意义入手,详细探讨了营业执照的法律效力,认为营业执照的法律效力仅仅在于对企业营业能力的限制,它并不能够导致企业民事主体资格的丧失。本文与其他关于商事登记法律制度的文章相比,其主要贡献或者创新在于:首先从选题上,笔者定的论题是“我国商事登记法律效力研究”,从题目上看笔者主要以论述商事登记法律效力为主。而以往的论文多以“商事登记法律制度研究”、“商业登记法律制度研究”等为题,其论述主要在于系统介绍商事登记法律制度。其次从研究角度上,这也是本文最大的创新之处,笔者以商事登记的法律效力作为整篇文章的核心,将登记的法律效力贯穿于整篇论文。在简要分析了商事与商事登记的定位以后,系统地研究了商事登记的法律效力,得出了商事登记的法律效力是一个多层次的效力结构,同时也将商事登记法律效力与商事登记其他具体制度进行了联系比较,探讨他们之间的相互关系。而以往的论文多以介绍商事登记制度的基本内容为主,多属于介绍性文章。当然笔者也运用了比较法学等多种研究方法,搜集了大量的文献资料,力求使本文内容更加严谨,论证更加充分。但是,毕竟笔者的学术水平有限,论文必定存在着诸多的不足,还请予?更多还原

【Abstract】 This dissertation refers to legal efficacy of commercial registration. The author, through exploring the general legal efficacy of commercial registration and the relationship between legal efficacy of commercial registration and each specific system in legal system of commercial registration, such as investigation system of commercial registration and proclamation system of commercial registration, systematically researches the legal efficacy of commercial registration. The author considers that the legal efficacy of commercial registration is not a single-order structure but a poly-order structure and the research for legal efficacy of commercial registration should be analysed from different orders. The author hopes to contribute to improve this system so as to protect the interest of commercial subjects, to guarantee transaction security, and to improve transaction efficiency. The whole dissertation is divided into five chapters. In first chapter, the author systematically researches the general condition of legal efficacy of commercial registration. He considers that commercial registration is a poly-order efficacy structure and legal efficacy of commercial registration should be researched from different. Finally, the author analyses the commerce and commercial registration. The author analyses different scholers’ views on legal efficacy of commercial registration and considers that the legal efficacy of commercial registration is poly-order structure. Secondly, commercial registration is divided into establishment registration, modification registration and termination registration, according to the reasons evoking the commercial registration. The legal efficacy of these types registration is different.In second chapter, the author discusses the legal efficacy of commercial registration to different subjects such as the applicant, the third part and the registration institution, especially the legal efficacy of commercial registration to the third party in different condition. At first, the author analyses the creation efficacy and irresponsibility efficacy of commercial registration to applicant. Secondly, the author minutely researches the different legal efficacy to the third party in three kinds of condition. Finally, the author explores the legal efficacy of false registration. The author researches the effect to registration efficacy from the specific content of investigation system of commercial registration and investigation system itself in chapter three. There are three types of investigation system which are formal investigation, substantial investigation and eclectic investigation. The certificate efficacy of these investigation systems is different. The certificate efficacy of formal investigation is weakest while that of substantial investigation is strongest. The eclectic investigation claims that the registration institution has the right of substantial investigation but dose not have the duty of substantial investigation and the registration certificate efficacy is between formal investigation and substantial investigation. In chapter four, the author analyses the effect to registration efficacy from the specific content of proclamation system of commercial registration as well as proclamation system itself. Finally, the author introduces the concept and characteristics of commercial registration proclamation as well as the value of proclamation system of commercial registration. Then, the author discusses the effect to legal efficacy of commercial registration from commercial registration proclamation. In chapter five, the author researches other specific system of commercial registration and commercial registration efficacy and explores the effect to commercial registration efficacy from other systemof commercial registration. The author considers that business name has creation efficacy, exclusion efficacy and succour efficacy .Then the author discusses the legal efficacy of the commercial subject operation range on commercial registration in our country. Finally the author explore更多还原