【作者】 任清国；

【导师】 于才渊； 丁洁；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 化学工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 叶绿素是地球上分布最广的天然色素之一,主要存在于绿色植物中,在植物或微生物的光合作用中起重要作用。叶绿酸铜钠盐,是一种比叶绿素更为理想的天然色素;同时由于具有对风湿、关节炎、伤口愈合等疾病的良好疗效,被广泛用于医药、保健品等行业。目前,叶绿素及叶绿酸铜钠盐一直供不应求,行情一路高涨;因此,开发蚕沙不仅可以带来良好的经济效益,而且社会效益显著。 微波辅助萃取法是一项不同于传统萃取法的新萃取方法,是近年来的研究热点;并且在工业、分析、检测等领域得到越来越广泛的应用。微波辅助萃取具有高选择性,溶剂用量少、能耗低、速率快等特点;把微波辅助萃取技术和传统的蚕沙开发工艺相结合,会增加有效成分的释放,提高浸取的效率,同时也减少浸取的时间、降低能耗,这在蚕沙的叶绿素提取方面将是个首次的尝试。 首先,本研究通过试验考察了预处理过程中微波辐射时间、微波功率、溶剂用量、溶剂与物料比例等因素的影响,确定初步的柞蚕沙萃取工艺条件,并优化相关的工艺条件。在试验范围内所得的数据表明:在微波功率600W、微波辐射时间70s、破壁助剂浓度60%、破壁助剂用量1:1(W[g]:V[ml])、提取温度80℃的条件下,提取效果较好;在上述工艺条件下,微波辅助萃取叶绿素的提取率比传统工艺的叶绿提取率要高出16.7%,增长22.4%,并且微波预处理的物料提取时间是30min,传统工艺的提取时间需要4～12小时,节省时间91%以上。在对微波预处理的工艺研究基础上,重点考察了破壁助剂的影响,发现乙醇—水溶液作为破壁助剂效果良好,当乙醇溶液的浓度是60%时,试验结果最佳。 其次考察了桑蚕沙的叶绿素的提取工艺条件,并且与柞蚕沙萃取的工艺条件相比较,微波功率、微波辐射时间、破壁助剂比例、破壁助剂用量、提取温度等影响因素略有变化,但桑蚕沙中的叶绿素的提取量要比柞蚕沙中的叶绿素高25.8%;并对其进行相关分析,由于叶绿素不稳定性,存储过程中柞蚕沙中的叶绿素氧化分解的严重些。 最后,研究了所提取的叶绿素溶液分离条件;并摸索了叶绿素的衍生物叶绿酸铜钠盐的制取条件。发现分离操作中,温度40℃、皂化60min效果明显,在酸性pH值为2.4的条件下铜代的60min效果较好,得到的产品品质也好。更多还原

【Abstract】 Chlorophyll is one of the most extensive existing natural pigments in the earth, and it is usually stored in the green plant. Chlorophyll belongs to the group of the porphyrin compound. It is stored in the form of carotene and xanthin. The chlorophyll plays a key role in the photosynthesis of the green plate or the microorganism. The chlorophyllin-copper-sodium, as a food pigment, is of much more superiority such as high value of nutrition, coloring, stably quality, etc. than that of chlorophyll; in the other wise, because of the chlorophyllin-copper-sodium better treatment for rheumatism, arthritis, wound get well etc. disease, it is also widely used in the medicine and health product fields. In the international market, chlorophyll and chlorophyllin-copper-sodium still rise in price, supply falls short of demand. Therefore, the research doing on silkworm is not only bringing out a large amount of economic benefit, but also of a great influence on the development modernization of Chinese herbs.In the past tew years, microwave assistant extraction has attracted more and more attention; there are increasing researches are focus on it. Microwave assistant extraction has a lot of advantages, such as selectivity, high efficiency of extraction, saving time, less solvent consume and environment friendly etc., compared with conventional extraction. If microwave technology were combined with conventional extraction technics of silkworm, the new technique will enhance the efficiency of chlorophyll while decreased extracted time; it would be the first time that this technique was employed on chlorophyll extraction from silkworm.In this study, the influence factors were firstly studied, including irradiated time, microwave power, volume of solvent, co-agent proportion etc. during the microwave pretreatment procedure. And by these investigations, tussah extracted condition was determined and optimized. The results indicated that, compared with conventional method, chlorophyll yield is 16.7% higher, rise 22.4% and the extracted time was saved by 91% under the following conditions: microwave power 600W, irradiated time 70s, the concentration of cell wall crack agent 60%, the ratio of material and cell wall crack agent is 1(W[g]: V[ml]), extracted temperature 80 °C. And during the microwave pretreatment procedure, the cell wall crack agent is studied on emphases. The ethanol/water is suitable to be the cell wall crack agent by the results. An optimized result can be obtained at the concentration of ethanol/water is 60%. Secondly, some work has been done on silkworm extraction conditions, and compared with tussah extraction conditions; each influence factor is analogous. The conclusions can bedrawn that chlorophyll extracted from silkworm is more 25.8% than that of tussah. The reason is mainly dung to the chlorophyll in tussah oxidated more serious during storage.Last, the operating conditions were found for chlorophyll solvent separation and chlorophyllin-copper-sodium preparation. The excellent Saponification effect can be obtained under the following parameters: temperature40°C, saponated time 60min; Under the acidity condition, the yield is higher after 60min copper exchanged reaction.更多还原