【作者】 齐艳妮；

【导师】 王金渠； 殷德宏；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 化学工艺， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 纳米材料的特殊性质使其在用于润滑油添加剂方面具有潜在的应用价值。目前将纳米添加剂用于改善润滑油性能已取得了一些进展。进一步开展纳米材料的制备及其应用于润滑油抗磨减摩性能研究,对于改善油品的性能和延长设备的使用寿命具有重要的意义。本文分别对纳米级镍和纳米级氧化镍粒子的制备条件进行了详细地考察并将所制备的纳米粒子应用于500SN和150SN基础油中进行了抗磨抗压性试验。 在纳米镍的工作中,采用了溶剂还原法和水热法对纳米镍的制备进行了研究,并考察了纳米镍的压缩液在500SN基础油中的抗磨抗压性。经过对反应温度,反应时间,pH值,原料配比和溶剂等制备影响因素的研究发现:以溶剂还原法制备出的纳米镍粒子在尺寸和分散性上均优于水热法得到的结果。在60℃下以乙二醇为溶剂,联氨为还原剂,在碱性无表面活性剂条件下,通过改变制备条件,可获得粒径范围在10—100nm的球形镍。水热法制备纳米镍的条件为190-220℃反应4h。4%（wt）纳米镍-乙二醇压缩液（镍质量含量3%）在500SN中能起到良好的抗磨作用,能使磨斑直径（WSD）减小35%,最大无卡咬负荷（P_B）较基础油增大29.4%。 在纳米氧化镍部分,采用了单相沉淀法和均相沉淀法对纳米氧化镍的制备进行了研究,并考察了纳米氧化镍在500SN和150SN中的抗磨及抗压性。考察了沉淀反应时间、原料配比、沉淀反应温度和时间及焙烧温度和焙烧时间等因素对纳米氧化镍的粒径和分散性的影响。研究发现,单相沉淀法制备优于均相沉淀法,以NH₃·H₂O为沉淀剂,Ni²⁺/NH₃·H₂O（mol）为1:1.3-1:1.5,室温下反应2-3h,400℃下焙烧2-4h,可得到30-50nm的类球形氧化镍。均相沉淀法制备纳米氧化镍的条件为:Ni²⁺:CO（NH₂）₂的摩尔配比为1:4,在90-94℃下进行沉淀反应,再经过滤,洗涤,在400℃下焙烧2h,得到20-30nm的氧化镍粒子。30-50nm氧化镍0.25%（wt）添加到500SN基础油中,可减小磨斑直径7.7%,0.25%（wt）添加到150SN基础油中,可增加P_B值9.1%。更多还原

【Abstract】 Nano-particle as additive in the lubrication is a new application due to its special properties. Now many kinds of nano-particles have been prepared and tested as additives of lubrication. The working theory is different to the scale. In the paper, The methods of how to prepare the Ni and NiO nano-particles are discussed.In this paper, the synthesis of nickel nanoparticles by reduced and hydrothermal methods are researched. And also, the anti-wear properties of nickel nanoparticles are studied. The synthesis of nickel nanoparticles is studied by hydrazine reducing nickel chloride in ethylene glycol at 60 ℃ without any surfactant. The product is characterized to be spheroid and the mean diameter is about 10 nm. The factors such as temperature, amount of NaOH, mol ratio of N2H5OH and Ni2+ influencing on the Ni nanoparticle’s mean diameter are studied. The results show that the change of reaction time is consistent with the change of nickel nanoparticles’ mean diameter mostly. When using hydrothermal method, the optimized condition is gained but the products agglomerate and the diameter of nickel nano-particle is bigger than reduced method. Add 4%(wt) nickel nanoparticles’ solution(Ni: 3wt%) in the 500SN oil, the WSD reduced 35%. If add 4% 80nm nickel nanoparticles’ solution, the Pb value will increas 29.4%.The NiO nanoparticles are prepared by two depositing methods. One is using NH3·H2O as depositing solvent, and the mol ratio of Ni2+/NH3-H2O is 1:1.3-1:1.5 to prepare the Ni(OH)2. Then it is to calcine at 400 ℃ for 2-4 hours. The NiO nano-particle produced by this method is about 30-50nm.The effects of reaction time, the mol ratio of materials, the calcined temperature and time on the diameter of NiO are all studied. The other depositing method is using CO(NH2)2 as precipitator. When Ni2+:CO(NH2)2(mol ratio) is 1:4, the materials react at 90-94 ℃ for 2-3 hours to prepare Ni(OH)2, The diameter about 20-30nm of NiO is received to calcine Ni(OH)2 at 400 ℃ for 2-3 hours. Besides materials’ mol ratio and reaction temperature, the reaction time and calcined temperature working on the NiO diameter are also studied. Compare with the first method, the products of the second method are more like a sheet. When add 0.25% NiO(30-50nm) to 500SN oil, the WSD will reduce 7.7%. Add the same amount of NiO(30-50nm) to 150SN base oil, the PB value will increase 9.1%.更多还原