临港产业集聚程度评估指标体系研究

【作者】 姜海燕；

【导师】 原毅军；

【作者基本信息】 大连理工大学 ， 产业经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 当代的国际经济竞争是产业集群的竞争。地方产业集群不仅构成当今世界经济的基本空间构架,还常常是一个国家或地区竞争力之所在。产业集群理论揭示了相关企业在一些地方集结成群,从而获得竞争优势的现象和机制。 国内对产业集群的研究主要集中在产业集群的形成机制部分,在指标体系和数量研究方面的文献则非常少。而产业集聚程度的实证研究是产业集群研究的重要组成部分,建立产业集聚程度评估指标体系有助于更加深刻的理解产业集群理论和评估产业集群集聚程度。 本文以波特和马歇尔的产业集群理论为基础,根据产业集群的特点建立了技术溢出效应、降低交易成本效应、外部规模经济效应和人力资源效应四个方面16项指标,采用了大连临港产业及全国相关产业的基本数据,用层次分析法和主成分分析法测算了大连临港产业2002年和2001年的集聚程度。 通过研究,本文主要得出了以下的结论: (1) 临港产业集聚程度的是一个综合的指标,它是一个地区临港产业集群在集聚经济、灵活专业化、创新环境、合作竞争和路径依赖等方面的综合体现。一个地区临港产业的集聚程度越高,技术溢出效应、降低交易成本效应、外部规模经济效应和人力资源效应就因该越明显,相对的各项指标的数值也就应该越大。如果某一方的效应较低,则必将影响到综合的集聚程度指标。本文对临港产业提出的评价方法,只是在现有的资料情况下的一种初步的尝试。由于对产业集聚特性理解的不同,而采用不同的指标体系和不同的评估方法,所得结论也会有所差异。 (2) 产业集聚程度的评估方法千差万别,从最初的空间基尼系数法、集群指数法、雷达图法到集群竞争力评估法、层次分析法、一直到基于投入产出表的主成分分析法,都有其各自得优缺点。笔者创造了一种基于16项指标的主成分分析法,这种分析方法数据获取相对简单,同时能够比较全面客观的判断产业集聚程度,相对于以上的评估方法是一种进步。 (3) 创新的应用了主成分分析法,用主成分分析法来分析创建16项指标,从中归纳出五个主成分因子:技术溢出效应因子、降低交易成本因子、外部规模效应因子、人力资源效应因子和嵌入性效应因子,通过因子得分较为客观的评价了产业集聚程度。根据评估结果大连2002年的临港产业集聚程度因子较2001年有了较大程度的提高,这直观的说明大连临港产业集聚程度在不断加强。更多还原

【Abstract】 Industrial cluster’s competitive power plays a very important role in the world economic competition. It is not only the framework of the world economy, but also the essence of the regional competitive power. A cluster phenomenon is that the relative companies concentrate in the limited area and get competitive advantage.The domestic research most focuses on agglomeration mechanism and cluster theory. There are fewer papers about the quantitative index. In fact the industry cluster degree evaluation index system contributes to the understanding of the cluster theory and evaluation of the cluster degree.Base on the Marshall and Porter’s theory, an evaluation system is set up which consists of 16 indexes about technology spillover, reducing transaction cost, scale effect and human resource effect. At last the paper evaluates the Dalian port-centered industry cluster degree by using the AHP and the Principle Component Factor Analysis with SPSS. Through research, it reaches such conclusions: (1) Port-centered industry cluster degree is a comprehensive index which embodies the cluster’s features such as cluster economy, flexible specialization, innovation environment, cooperative competition and path dependence. The stronger the cluster degree is, the clearer the cluster features are. And the factor scores are larger correspondingly. If some of the features are not distinct enough, the factor scores will be smaller. The method is a kind of trial on the literature so far. Because the different understanding of the cluster theory and adoption of the different index system, the conclusion may have the discrepancy(2)There are many different evaluation methods, including Spatial Gini Coefficient, Index of Concentration, Spider Diagrams, GEM assay and Principle Component Factor analysis on input-output table etc, which have respective advantage and weakness. Comparing with other methods, the method in this paper has its own merits, which can collect data through the Statistical Yearbook and analysis the cluster more comprehensively, correctly and positively.(3)The Principle factor analysis is used to analyze the 16 indexes and five factors are concluded, which are technology spillover factor, reducing transaction cost factor, scale effect factor, human resource effect factor and embeddness factor. The factors measure the industry cluster degree objectively.更多还原