【作者】 屈玉；

【导师】 王振会； 肖辉；

【作者基本信息】 南京信息工程大学 ， 大气物理学与大气环境， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 福建省所在的华东沿海地区已成为我国主要的酸雨区,福州、厦门、三明、泉州、漳州、龙岩6个城市被列为国家酸雨控制区。酸雨的形成机理比较复杂,包括了污染源的排放、大气输送、大气气相化学转化、云雨化学转化和大气沉降等过程。本文就福建省硫沉降的来源即外来源和本地源的贡献进行了深入探讨和分析,同时研究了厦门市、福州市云水转化为雨水过程中其酸度的变化,为今后进一步开展全省酸雨研究提供科学依据和研究基础。与几个邻近省份相比,福建省是SO2的低排放区,但其受硫氧化物污染相当严重,酸雨出现频率较高,因此,福建本省源排放的大气致酸物不是导致本地酸雨发生的决定条件,酸性物质的省际输送至关重要。本文应用中国科学院大气物理研究所建立的三维欧拉污染物输送模式,首先,模拟了1995、 2000、 2002年福建省本省排放源造成的和邻近省份排放源向其输送的硫沉降量,结果表明,福建省接收的硫沉降量有一半以上是由周围省份的远距离输送造成的;进而分析了每年4个季节硫沉降的变化特点,并结合福建省气象场条件给出理论解释;最后,把这3年福建省SO2及SO42-年沉降量和各季节沉降量分别作了比较,结果显示,造成福建省SO2的沉降主要来源于本省排放源的贡献,而该省SO42-的沉降中外来源占很大比例,超过了50%。其次,使用该模式模拟了福建省9个城市的排放源1995、 2000、 2002年在本省造成的硫沉降,并对各城市之间硫氧化物的相互输送进行了探讨、分析,结果表明,9个城市的排放源造成的硫沉降量绝大多数都是逐年下降的,只有厦门市的情况相反,是逐年上升的,说明福建省SO2的排放总量还是得到了有效的控制;9个城市中只有厦门市接收的硫沉降量是本地源的影响起决定性作用;各个城市受西部、北部临近城市的影响比较大,风向对硫氧化物的输送起决定性作用;内陆城市的硫沉降量一般大于沿海城市;占地面积较小的城市接收的硫沉降量较少,较大的城市则较多。酸雨的形成有云内和云下两个过程,在不同的地点,两个过程作用大小不一样。本文使用刘帅仁、黄美元等发展和改进的云下雨水酸化模式,同时考虑雨水在下落过程中吸收气体和气体发生化学反应,碰并气溶胶吸收气溶胶可溶性成分的过程,研究了厦门市、福州市云下气体、气溶胶对雨水酸度的影响,结果表明厦门市雨水比云水酸度大,说明雨水在下落过程中受云下气体和气溶胶的影响,被酸化了,而福州市雨水比云水酸度小,说明云下气体和气溶胶污染物总体上呈碱性,对雨水的酸化具有一定的缓冲中和作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Six cities in Fujian Province including Fuzhou, Xiamen, Sanming, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan are listed in the national controlling area of acid rain. The formation mechanism of acid rain is very complex relating to emission sources, chemistry, transport and deposition. In this paper the contribution of local and non-local sources to Fujian Province and the acidity change of cloud-water and rainwater in below-cloud area in Xiamen and Fuzhou are discussed.Fujian has low SO2 emissions but its SOx pollution is very serious. This suggests that transport of SOx from neighboring provinces is very significant. Using a 3-D Eulerian transport model with emissions and meteorological data in 1995, 2000, and 2002, the sulphur deposition amounts in Fujian coming from its local emissions and the emissions from its neighboring provinces are simulated. It can be concluded that above 50% of the total sulphur deposition in Fujian is resulted from long-range transport. The change of sulphur deposition in four seasons is further analyzed and explained with changes in meteorological conditions. Comparison of the whole-year and every-season deposition amounts indicates that the contribution of local emissions to SO2 deposition in Fujian Province is very large whereas that to SO42- deposition in this province is small and SO42- deposition is mainly from other provinces, accounting for more than 50% of its total deposition amounts.Simulating also showed that the sulphur deposition amount of 9 cities of Fujian province is decreased year by year except for Xiamen; the sulphur deposition in Xiamen is mainly resulted from local sources; wind plays an important role in SOX transport; sulphur deposition amounts of in-land cities are generally larger than that of coastal cities; smaller area cities receive less sulphur deposition while larger ones receive more.There are in-cloud and below-cloud processes in formation of acid rain, but the relative importance of these two processes is different in various cities. A below-cloud rainwater acidification model is used to simulate the effect of below-cloud gaseous pollutants and aerosol on the acidity of rain in Xiamen and Fuzhou, together considering the process of rainwater absorbing and reacting with below-cloud gaseous pollutants and aerosol collision. The result indicates that the gases and aerosol below-cloud in Xiamen are acidic while those in Fuzhou are alkaline.更多还原