【作者】 杨志华；

【导师】 杜少武；

【作者基本信息】 江西师范大学 ， 体育教育训练学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 中国体育科学学会体质研究分会给体质下的定义为:体质反映人体质量的高低,是在遗传性和获得性基础上表现出来的人体形态结构、生理功能和心理因素的综合的、相对稳定的特征。具体包括以下五个方面:1、 身体形态发育水平,即体格、体型、姿势、营养状况以及身体成分;2、 生理功能水平,即机体新陈代谢水平与各器官系统达到的工作效能;3、 身体素质和运动能力的发展水平,即速度、力量、耐力、灵敏柔韧等素质和走、跑、跳、投掷、等身体活动能力;4、 心理素质发展水平,即人体的本体感知能力、个性特征、意志品质等;5、 适应能力,包括对自然环境、社会环境、各种生活紧张事件的适应能力,对疾病和其它有碍健康的不良应激源的抵抗能力等。适应能力是人体体质的重要组成部分,也是全面提高人的生存质量、劳动能力的先决条件之一。但综观我国现在开展的几次大型的国民体质调研活动采纳的指标来看,适应能力及心理方面因没有相关的理论支撑和切实可行的测量方法、工具,所以一直没有纳入到实际工作程序中,这不能不说是一种遗憾。北京体育大学任弘副教授以其敏锐的洞察力在此方面进行了独创性的研究,以其博士论文《体质研究中人体适应能力的理论与实证研究》完成了此项课题的初步成果。本课题是在其本人同意和指导下,以其博士论文中所建立的人体适应能力理论模型为框架,运用项目分析法,因素分析法,相关T检验等方法进行的实证研究。通过对其编制的“人体适应能力评定量表N-89(附件1) ”进行了相应的修订,得到了评定量表N-51(附件2) ,进一步求证该适应能力量表的适用范围以及推广应用的可行性;也相应的对适应能力与体质健康关系进行了再一次的实证研究;探讨了成年人不同人群的适应能力状况;着重分析了两问卷之间在数量上和内容的差异,以其找出其中的客观和主观原因,为使该量表能最终纳入国民体质监测系统增添理论依据和实践经验。主要结论有:1 人体适应能力可以用“人体适应能力评定量表进行评定,该量表包括对自然环境的适应(12条),对社会环境的适应(21条),对抗生理病理的适应(18条),量表采用10分制,量表的得分越高,说明适应能力越强;该量表的重测信度很高,达到0. 93、 克隆巴赫a系数均为0. 8以上,体质四因子模型的出现都说明了该量表的信、效度很好,能较为客观的反映适应能力的基本情况,但其中也有些有待改进的方面如:如何使条目数量精简,内容更有代表性,如何使被试回答更加客观等。2现行体质评价系统的评价结果与适应能力总分存在低度相关(P<0.01),还与自然环境的适应能力和抗病能力两分量表存在低度相关,相关系数要比体质评价结果与适应能力总分的相关系数高。从某种意义上讲,本研究结果更好地证明了体质健康水平对自然环境的适应能力以及对抗生理病理能力方面有着重要的影响,这一方面就更加体现该量表的实用价值,至于其中是因果关系还是相关关系有待于以后的研究。3使用“人体适应能力评价量表(N一51)”对成年中期人群进行了调研,结果发现: (1)在对自然环境的适应能力方面,(a)男性比女性要强,(b)高学历的人群比学历低的人群要强;(c)城市体力劳动者与非体力劳动者没有差别;前二项结论与任博士的结论一致,而在后一项方面结果不同。 (2)在社会适应能力方面:(a)不同性别之间和职业间没有显著性差异;(b)在高学历和低学历间差异非常显著(这点也与其结论不同),这点从逻辑分析上来看可能会更好的说明问题的本质现象。 (3)在抗生理病理能力方面:(a)男性明显比女性更强些;(b)在学历间和职业间没有显著性差异。4两量表的分析结果表明:两问卷的拟合度较高,吸收率80%,变更率20%的统计结果再次证明了该问卷的内部一致性较好,具有较高的结构效度,是当前能较好反映适应能力状况的理想的测量工具;同时,其中的不足之处,需不断改进,以完善国民体质监测系统的完整性。关键词:体质适应能力信度效度更多还原

【Abstract】 Physique study, the branch of Chinese sport science academy, define physique as follows: physique is a reflection of the quality of the body, which are comprehensive and relatively stable characteristics of the form and structure of body, physiological function, psychological factors, on basis of heredity and acquisition .it consists of the following five aspects: 1 growth level of body appearance, which refers to the body-construction, figure, gesture, nutrition condition and the body components; 2 physiological function, that is the working efficiency of metabolism and various organic systems; 3 the development of diathesis and movement ability including such qualities as, velocity, strength, endurance, pliability and walking, running, jumping, throwing and so on ; 4 psychological qualities, which refers to the body’s sensory, characteristics, will quality; 5 adaptability, which includes the adaptability to natural environment, social environment and all kinds of stresses in life and the resistance ability to disease and health-attack harmful emergency of source. Adaptability is an important part of the physique of the body and is the prerequisite to comprehensively increase the quality of life and labor ability. However, an overview of these indicators acquired in recent several large scale investigations of the Citizen’s physical endowment show that the adaptability and psychology have not been considered in the practical working procedures, due to a lack of theoretical framework and feasible measuring methods and instruments, which is really a pity. Ren hong the assistant professor in Beijing sports university, conducted an original research in this area, and her dissertation for the doctorate 《 A theoretical and experimental study on the adaptability of body in the study of the physique 》 acquired preliminary achievements.This experimental research, with the approval and guidance of professor Ren, take the theoretical model of adaptability constructed in her dissertation as framework and conduct the research with item analysis method, factor analysis method, Relate T examination. By making modifications of her scale of adaptability N-89(appendix l),the another established the assessment scale N-51(appendix 2) to further investigate the applicability of this scale of adaptability and the feasibility of the expansion application. The another study of correlation between the adaptability and physique health, and also make explorations of the adaptability of the adults of different groups, with an emphasis on the analysis of the difference of the number and contents of these two questionnaires, so as to find out the objective and subjective reasons of this different and to strengthentheoretical basis and add more practical experience for this scale entering into Citizen’s physical monitor system. The main conclusions are as follows:1 The adaptability can be assessed by using the "adaptability assessment scale", which includes the adaptability to the natural environment (12items), adaptability to social environment(21items) and adaptability to the anti-physiology pathology; this scale is credited to 10 cents, higher scores implies a stronger adaptability; the reevaluations of the scale is very high up to 0.93, a >0.8, the appearance of the four-factor models shows that the scale is good in its credibility and effectiveness. The results can an objective reflection of the basic condition of adaptability. However, some improvements should be made such as, making the number of items more less,content of items more representative, how to make the testers more serious and careful to get more objective conditions.2 The assessment results of the current physique assessment system have a low correlation (P<0.01) with the total score of the adaptability. It also have a low correlation with the two sub-scales, the adaptability to natural environment and anti-physiology pathology, correlation coefficient is higher to the correlation of the physique assessment results and adaptability’s total-cent. In a certain sense, the r更多还原