地下水水化学环境信息管理系统的设计与开发

【作者】 王卫；

【导师】 吴耀国；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 地下水是我国,尤其是北方地区工农业及生活用水的主要水源。地下水资源的量与质就是该地区的城市节水办公室及水务局的水资源管理办公室工作的主要对象。相比而言,水化学信息更丰富,数据库更大,管理难度大,常规管理方法效率低,影响了地下水资源的更加合理地开发与利用。地理信息系统(GIS)具有强大的数据信息及图像信息的储存、管理、处理及分析等能力,开发基于GIS的地下水水化学信息管理系统,对于提高地下水资源的管理效率,地下水水质污染的预防与治理具有重要意义。 本研究工作是山东省水利厅资助的“山东省南四湖流域水资源可持续利用实时管理系统”的部分内容。针对山东省水利厅提出的具体要求,结合GIS发展趋势,以南四湖流域济宁地区地下水水化学数据为基础,全面分析该区水化学资料的特点,构建空间数据库,然后以MapInfo为开发平台,用VB的OLE、ADO技术,采取VB、MapBasic混合编程方法,建立了地下水水化学环境信息管理系统。该系统完成基本数据管理、图形显示及查询功能,它通过SQL语句灵活便利地查询存储于Accesss数据库中的大量数据信息;通过MapBasic二次开发和VB在MapInfo中的集成,实现了地理信息与属性信息交互查询。此外,应用VB设计、编程,实现了地下水水化学组分观测值变化历史的统计分析和历史曲线的绘制,方便地计算各观测值的最大值、最小值、全距、平均值,标准差和变异系数等统计学参数,为分析观测数据的变化特征及其可靠性提供了依据;同时,用历史曲线将测井水位及各种离子浓度随时间的变化情况直观地显示在计算机窗口中,并可任意缩放、剪切、复制、粘贴;在系统中通过历史曲线的最小二乘法多项式拟合实现了预测、预警功能。对观测参数空间分布数据采用三角化网格化方法自动生成了同一时间观测值的等值线,揭示同一时间水位、井深、离子浓度的空间分布特征。等值线图件保存于空间数据库中,可随时调用查看,并与其它图层(地理底图等)叠置生成多层复杂的综合图件,从而大大简化了分析阴阳离子分布等水化学规律所必须的绘图工作。 本研究开发了一套图文结合、界面友好、可视化和自动化程度高的地下水水化学环境信息管理系统,为水化学场的深入研究及地下水资源合理开发利用提供了技术支持,具有推广应用价值。更多还原

【Abstract】 In China, especially north region, the groundwater is main water resource for industry, agriculture as well as the daily life of the people. The quantity and quality of groundwater are main working objects of local water-saving office as well as water resource management office of water-affair bureau. The hydrochemistry information is more affluent, its database is larger, the management is more difficult. Comparatively, the more reasonable development and usage were affected due to the low efficiency of general management method. The Geographical Information System(GIS) has powerful function to store, manage, process and analyze the data and graphic information. It is very meaningful for improving management efficiency of groundwater resource, preventing and harnessing the pollution of groundwater quality to develop the groundwater hydrochemistry information management system based on GIS.This research work is a part of project "Real Time Management System of Continuous Utility Water Resource of Drainage Basin in ShanDong Province’s Four South Lakes" supported by water conservancy bureau of Shandong Province. According to the requirements of Shandong Province water conservancy bureau, combining with GIS development tendency, based on the groundwater hydrochemistry data of Jining Area in Four South Lake Drainage Basin, this thesis investigates the groundwater hydrochemistry data character completely and established the space database first , and then develops the groundwater hydrochemistry information management system under Visual BASIC 6.0(VB6) development platform using OLE and ADO technology as well as mix-programming methods of VB, MapBasic and MapInfo. This system completes database management, information query and related graph display, it can be used to query and seek attribution information of a map among large mount of data stored in Access database. The interactive query between the map and its attributions was realized using VB Maplnfo integration and the secondary MapBasic development. In addition, the statistic analysis and history curve plotting of measured data were also realized, the statistics parameters, maximum, minimum, range, average, standard deviation and variation coefficient, can be calculated expediently to provide bases for analyzing reliability and variation characteristic of measured data.Meantime the variation of related measurement data was shown with history curves, which can be zoomed, cut, copied, pasted and saved easily. A convenient function for prediction and forecast of groundwater hydrochemistry data was built in the system using the Least-Squares curve-fitting of polynomial approximation for history curves. To show the distribution characteristic of measured ionic concentration, the contour was automatically created using triangulated method of spatial data that measured at the same time and different location. The contour of measured parameters was saved into spatial database as a graphic element, it can be reviewed or overlapped to other map layers discretionarily to compose multi-layer superposing and complicated synthesis maps, and thus a lot of work is reduced for analyzing anion/cation distribution of groundwater.A text-graph combined and friendly interfaced information management system of groundwater hydrochemistry is designed and developed in this thesis, it provides a powerful technology support for deeply investigating hydrochemistry field and reasonably utilizing the groundwater resources. It has significant value of application and spread.更多还原