导电复合材料的制备及其性能的研究

【作者】 熊佳；

【导师】 黄英；

【作者基本信息】 西北工业大学 ， 应用化学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着电子工业及信息技术等产业的迅速发展,对于具有导电功能的高分子材料的需求越来越迫切。本文详细介绍了导电高分子材料的分类,总结了结构型和复合型导电高分子材料的制备方法和应用情况,同时也介绍了导电复合材料的导电填料的种类及性质。 本文通过用六次甲基四胺对新酚树脂进行预处理,不仅提高了基体树脂的耐热性,也提高了材料加工成型的工艺性能。通过对基体树脂的固化过程进行DSC、TGA分析,确定了合适的成型工艺,模压成型制备了以改性新酚树脂为树脂基体,玻璃纤维布为增强材料,乙炔炭黑为导电填料的导电复合材料。研究了导电复合材料的电学和力学性能与炭黑含量的关系,当炭黑重量含量为3%时,材料在安全电压下发热温度达到250℃,并具有较好的力学性能。 结合已有的理论知识分析讨论了导电复合材料试样的导电机理,提出我们制备的导电复合材料在导电时,同时存在导电通道、隧道效应、电场发射三种导电机理。研究了导电复合材料的伏安特性,发现其具有非线性关系,特别是在承载电压较高时比较明显,原因是在高承载电压下,材料导电时隧道效应、电场发射作用强烈,导致伏安特性明显偏离线性关系。研究了导电复合材料的电阻-温度关系,发现材料具有微弱的正温度系数效应,我们把原因归结于材料在高温下材料各组成成份体积膨胀而导致导电网络的破坏,从而使电阻变大。 我们制备的导电复合材料具有良好的电学及力学性能,容易加工成型,价格低廉,可在较大范围内根据需要调节其电学和力学性能,因而具有广阔的应用前景。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid development of electrical industry and communication technology, the demand of conductive polymer materials is more and more urgently. In this paper we introduce the sorts of the conductive polymer materials in detailed, sum up the preparation techniques and application situations of inherently conductive polymer and conductive polymer composites. At the same time, we also introduce the sorts and properities of conductive fillers of conductive polymer composites.By pretreatmenting with （CH₂）₆N₄, not only the heat-endurance of polymer matrix is enhanced, but also the process and molding technics performance of materials is improved. By analysing the solidification process of the polymer matrix using DSC,TGA methods, we ascertain the proper molding technics and prepare conductive polymer composites with modified GX resin as polymer matrix, glass fabrie cloth as tough material and ECA cabon black as conductive filler. The relations between electrical and mechanics performance and cabon black content are researched. When cabon black content is 3%（wt）, samples’ heating temperature reach 250°C under secure voltage and they have good mechanics performance too.Combining the theory and knowledge which have existed we analyse and discuss the conductive mechanism of conductive polymer composite samples and we believe that there are three kinds of conductive mechanism:electric conduction channel effectN tunneling effect and electric field emission effect at the same time when samples electric-conduct. The U - I characteristic of conductive polymer composites is studied. We find it has nonlinear relationship.Specilly when the voltage is higher, the nonlinear relationship is obvious. The reason is tunneling effect and electric field emission effect become stronger at higher voltage. It results U -I characteristic deviates linear relationship. The resistance-temperature coefficient effect is also studied. We find the samples have faint positive temperature coefficient effect. The reason is ascribed to the destruction of the conductive networks whoseingredients’ volumes expand at high temperature.The conductive polymer composite samples we have prepared have good electrical and mechanics performance. They are easy to process and mold. Their electrical and mechanics performance can be adjusted in large scale according the requirement. So they have the wide prospect.更多还原