【作者】 陈怡；

【导师】 曹同；

【作者基本信息】 上海师范大学 ， 水生生物学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 苔藓植物结构简单,对环境因子的反应十分敏感,因此,被世界各国广泛应用为环境质量和变化的生物指示物。本文通过对上海市苔藓植物的生态调查和研究,分析了上海地区苔藓植物的分布格局及其与环境关系。本文在全面野外调查的基础上,记录上海市苔藓植物37 科88 属180 种,其中苔类植物12 科15 属23 种,藓类植物25 科73 属157 种。发现报道了上海地区新记录属5 个,上海新记录种50个,中国新记录种1 个。上海市苔藓植物以耐旱性强的土石生种类为主。此外,选取了22 个样点的地面藓类植物和31 个样点的树附生苔藓植物进行了样方调查。基于苔藓植物种类及其盖度数据,计算了各样点的多样性指数;运用TWINSPAN 和DCA 方法分析了苔藓植物的分布格局;应用CCA 分析了苔藓植物分布与环境的关系;并计算了苔藓植物的生态位宽度和重叠值。结果表明,从市中心区向外到郊区的公园内苔藓植物种数及盖度都呈递增趋势;苔藓植物分布与不同生境、环境污染和人为干扰有一定相关性;而且苔藓植物生态位较窄,要特别重视对其特殊生境的保护。另外,对13 个样点小羽藓植物体内重金属含量(Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr)的化学分析表明,不同样点的植物体内重金属含量明显不同;苔藓重金属含量与环境污染有明显相关性。因此,苔藓植物可作为城市环境质量和变化的指示植物。更多还原

【Abstract】 Bryophyte is an ideal kind of biological indicator due to its sensitively to the environmental changes resulted from relatively simple structure. By means of ecological survey and investigation, studies of distribution patterns of bryophytes and the relationships between bryophytes and the environments in Shanghai were carried out. There are 180 species belonging to 37 families, and 88 genera of bryophytes in Shanghai. Among them, 23 species belonging to 12 families, and 15 genera are liverworts, 157 species belonging to 25 families, and 73 genera are mosses. Five genera and 50 species of bryophytes were reported as new records to Shanghai region. The dominant species are drought-enduring bryophytes growing on soil in Shanghai. The bryophytes on floor of 22 sites and the epiphytic bryophytes of 31 sites in Shanghai were investigated and sampled. Based on the species recorded and their coverage, the bryophytes species diversity was analysed; TWINSPAN and DCA were used to analyse their distribution patterns; CCA was used to analyse the correlation of bryophyte species with environments; the niche breadth and the niche overlap were calculated. The results showed that the species number and the coverage of bryophytes increased by degrees from the heart of the city to the outer suburbs. And it reflected the certain correlation of the distribution of bryophytes species with different habitats, polluted and disturbed environments. The results indicated that the most bryophytes species had rather narrow niche breadth and microhabitats protection is very important in conservation of bryophytes. The content of Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd and Cr in Haplocladium plants at 13 sites were analysed. The results indicated that the mental contents were obviously different in bryophytes at different sites and were correlated with the environmental pollution. Therefore, bryophytes could be a good biological indicator for quality and changes of the environments in city.更多还原