【作者】 韩娜娜；

【导师】 周孝德；

【作者基本信息】 西安理工大学 ， 环境工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 由于我国经济快速发展,对河流的干扰程度大大超过了世界上同类自然条件的国家和地区,许多河流面临水体污染、断流、生态系统恶化等严重的水环境问题,为衡量人类社会经济与河流生态环境的协调程度,提出了河流水环境承载力的概念。河流水环境承载力是河流流域持续发展过程中各种自然资源承载力的重要组成部分,研究水环境承载力,优化水环境、水资源的配置,协调区域生态建设、人民生活、工农业生产与水资源、水环境的关系,实现区域可持续发展,具有重要的意义。 本文从水生态、水环境出发,以环境与经济协调发展为目标,对桑干河流域水环境承载力进行研究。首先将水环境承载力与河流的生态环境需水量、水环境容量相结合,建立了河流水环境承载力研究的理论基础,其次从河流水环境承载力的承载媒介(水资源量和水体质量)入手,以河流水环境承载力的承载对象(人口、污染物质、人类活动等)为基础建立了河流水环境承载力指标体系,最后以系统动力学为手段,建立了桑干河流域水环境承载力量化模型,并以桑干河流域为实例研究了河流水环境承载力,其研究具有一定的实用价值。本研究取得的主要成果如下:(1)对河流水环境的关键影响因子进行分析,建立河流水环境承载力概念模型,通过概念模型进一步建立水环境承载力评价指标体系,包括工业、农业、人口、水资源、水污染5个子系统,共12个指标,采用层次分析法确定了各个指标及子系西安理工大学硕士学位论文统的权重。 (2)从河流生态功能出发,指出生态需水量由生态基流、水面蒸发、入渗需水量组成,环境需水量由水沙平衡需水量、污染物自净需水量组成,而生态需水量对水质没有要求,只对水量有要求,而污染物稀释自净需水量不仅对水量有要求,而且水质也必需满足一定的要求。结合桑干河计算河流的生态需水量和环境需水量。 (3)建立了河流水环境承载力系统动力学模型,综合考虑了经济发展、人口增长、污染物环境容量、生态环境需水量、水污染控制措施、水环境保护规划等诸多方面的因素,对水环境承载力指标体系中的指标进行模拟,水环境承载力系统动力学的建立与模型模拟能够对水环境控制措施进行量化,对改善桑干河流域的生态环境具有实际的指导意义。关键词:水环境承载力生态需水量环境需水量系统动力学更多还原

【Abstract】 With the rapid economical development in our country, many rivers have faced serious problems such as pollution, dry river, and deteriorate ecological system. These problems are more serious in our country than others. For weighing the harmony degree between human society economy and ecological environment of river, the concept of water environment carrying capacity (simplified as WECC) of river is put forward The WECC of river is the important part of natural resources carrying capacity during the development procedure in river basin. Through studying the WECC of river, we can optimize arrangement of water environment and water resource, and harmonize the relationship between ecological construction, people’s life and water resource environment. It is very important meaning for sustainable development district.Based on water zoology and water environment, this paper studies the WECC of Sanggan River, in order to assort with the development of environment and economy. Firstly this paper combines the WECC of river with the ecological and environmental water demand, the water environment capacity, and builds some basic theory system of WECC of river. Secondly it builds the index system of WECC by means of the carrying object(such as population, pollutants, human activities), starting from the carrying media of WECC (water resources quantity and water quality) . Finally it builds the WECC model by system dynamics, taking Sanggan River as an example to study theWECC of river. The study has some realistic value. The main achievements obtained are as follows:(l)This paper builds the concept model of WECC of river, analysing the critical effect factors of WECC of river. It builds the evaluation index system of WECC df river by the contept model. The index system includes five subsystems of industry, agriculture, population, water resources, water ecology, and water pollution altogether 12 indexes. It decides the weight of each index and subsystem by the method AHP. (2)This paper indicates that the ecological water demand consists of ecological basic flow, water evaporation, inleakage water demand, the environmental water demand consists of the balance of water and sand demand and against- pollution water, starting from the ecological function of river. The ecological water has no request for water quality, while the against- pollution water not only requires to be inflow fresh water, but also satisfy the definite water quality aim. The mode is utilized to Sanggan River to calculate the river ecological water and environmental water demand. (3)This paper builds the WECC system dynamics model of river, comprehensively considering many factors including economic development, population growth, environmental capacity of pollutant, the river ecological and environmental water demand, the control measures of water pollution and the protective plan of water environment, simulating the indexes in WECC index system. The setup and simulation of system dynamics model of WECC can quantify the control measure of water environment protection, which has practical significance for improving the ecological environment.更多还原