【作者】 张珂；

【导师】 李致家；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 水文学及水资源， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着信息、遥感等技术的发展，分布式水文模型以其充分考虑水文要素和各种参数空间变化的特点正成为水文模型的发展趋势。本文针对目前的研究状况和需要，结合国家自然科学基金项目，建立了一个基于DEM栅格和地形具有严格物理意义的分布式水文模型——GTOPMODEL(Grid-and-TOPgraphy-based distributed hydrological MODEL)。 首先总结和研究了基于DEM的流域信息提取方法，并归纳成算法，包括水系的提取、子流域的划分、排水网络的生成、距离—面积曲线提取等流域特征的提取。然后提出了单元汇流带的概念，以此为基础，通过达西定律和假设：“土壤饱和水力传导率随着深度的增加成指数递减”和“地下水面平行于地表面”，推导出了单元栅格的产流基本方程，建立了产流模型。同时还提出了两种汇流模型：基于栅格的Muskingum逐栅格演算法和基于子流域的等流时线汇合法。结合产流模型和汇流模型，构建了GTOPMODEL模型，根据汇流方法不同将模型分为A、B两种。将第二种汇流模型应用于TOPMODEL模型和新安江模型进行改进。最后将四个模型同时应用于黄河支流——洛河卢氏站以上流域，采用了数学优化方法对模型参数进行了率定、优化。 应用结果表明四个模型都能很好的应用于该流域进行洪水模拟，比较表明两个GTOPMODEL模型能够取得更好的模拟效果，证明了GTOPMODEL模型的合理性。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of Information Technology and Remote Sensing Technology, Distributed Hydrological Models are becoming the trend of Hydrological Models due to their abilities to incarnate the spatial variation of hydrological factors and parameters. According to the current study status and needs, the Grid-and-TOPography-based physically distributed hydrological MODEL (GTOPMODEL) is developed.Firstly, the methods to extract basin information are summarized, studied and formulated, including the extraction of river system, the division of sub basins, the creation of drainage networks, the extraction of the distance-accumulated-area curve and so on in the article. Secondly, the Unit Confluence Strap is defined. Based on it, the basic equations for runoff-yield are gained by the Darcy’s law and the assumptions that the saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soil follows a negative exponential law versus depth and that the water table is parallel to the soil surface. Meantime, two models of flow routing and confluence are established, including the Grid-Based Muskingum Flow Routing Method and the Sub-basin-Based Isochrone Method. By integrating the runoff-yield model and the models for confluence, two hydrological models, GTOPMODEL-A and GTOPMODEL-B, are developed. Meantime, the second model for confluence is also used to improve the TOPMODEL model and Xinanjiang Model. Finally, the four models are applied for flood simulation to the Upper Lushi basin in Luohe River, one tributary of the Yellow River. The calibration and optimization of the parameters are also studied.The results show that the four models can do well in this basin and that the two GTOPMODEL models usually perform better, which proves the rationality and reliability of the GTOPMODEL model.更多还原