【作者】 刘凤丽；

【导师】 彭世彰；

【作者基本信息】 河海大学 ， 农业水土工程， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 分析了控制灌溉和常规灌溉条件下水稻的茎蘗消长动态、株高增长动态，以及水稻冠层叶面积指数、平均叶倾角、散射辐射透射系数、直射辐射透射系数、消光系数和叶分布等冠层指标，研究了冠层结构对光截获及光在冠层内传输特性的影响，并对水稻干物质积累和干物质在茎、叶、鞘、穗、根各器官的分配做了研究。分析了各生育阶段水稻生长对水分调控的反应，建立了两种灌溉条件下茎蘖消长的Logistic模型，并用双曲线模型和Chapman-Richards模型对水稻地上干物质积累进行了模拟，得出以下结论： 1．合理的水分调控对水稻群体大小和冠层结构有明显的促控作用，从而改善水稻光辐射环境，增加叶片光截获量，在节水的前提下获取高产。 2．冠层结构强烈影响着光在冠层内的传播特性：群体叶面积指数越大，散射辐射透射系数和直射辐射透射系数就越小；而平均叶倾角越大，消光系数越小。 3．土壤水分的调控对水稻株高和干物质增长的影响兼有滞后性和补偿性特点。田间水分减少可以减缓水稻的株高和干物质生长，这种影响具有滞后性；但当田间水分恢复正常，株高和干物质增长速度会出现反弹，甚至超过常规处理。 4．Logistic模型最适合预测水稻生长．可以用Chapman-Richards生长方程来模拟控制灌溉的水稻千物质积累过程，其中Logistic模型拟合效果最好，相关系数在0．996以上，Mitscherlich方程精度最低，不适合用来预测水稻生长。 5．水稻在拔节孕穗后期干物质生产速率最大。水稻的关键生长期出现在秧苗移栽后26～60天，关键生长期地上干物质积累量占全生育期地上干物质积累量的60％以上，因此，加强水稻关键生长期的田间管理和科学研究尤为重要。 6．控制灌溉在高产的条件下能够大幅度地减少灌溉用水量，提高水分利用效率。控制灌溉处理的水稻灌溉水量为2774．0m³·hm^-2，较常规灌溉的水稻节省用水40．4％，且控制灌溉的水分生产率和灌溉水生产率比常规灌溉的水稻提高了37％和68．5％左右。更多还原

【Abstract】 Rice tiller dynamic development, plant height, Canopy Leaf Area Index, Mean Foliage Inclination Angle, Transmission Coefficient for Diffuse Radiation, Transmission Coefficient for Solar beam Radiation Penetration, Extinction Coefficient and Leaf Distribution under controlled irrigation and traditional irrigation were analyzed. The effects of canopy structure on light interception and transmission characteristic were studied according to the data of field irrigation experiment. Also, Rice dry matter accumulation and partition of two different water conditions were compared through the entire period of the experiment. Moreover, a Logistic model for simulating tiller development was developed, a hyperbolic model and Chapman-Richards model were developed to simulated the rice dry matter accumulation. The result indicated.1. Rational water control have a obvious effect on rice colony characteristics and canopy structure, which could ameliorate light transmission condition and acquire more light interception. Finally the rice under controlled irrigation achieved high yield on the condition of saving water.2. The effects of canopy structure on light interception and transmission characteristic are prominent. The Transmission Coefficient for Diffuse Radiation and Transmission Coefficient for Solar beam Radiation Penetration are reduce when Canopy Leaf Area Index rise, and the Extinction Coefficient decrease when Mean Foliage Inclination Angle increase.3. Adjust water layer and soil moisture in paddy fields has great influence on plant height and dry matter accumulation. The plant height and dry matter accumulation were reduced under low soil moisture. Once the soil moisture of paddy fields was improved, rice growth speed was rebound and higher than that of CK.4. The Logistic model is suitable to simulating the rice growth process. Of the four models tested, the Logistic model gave the closer fit and more accurate estimate of the ground dry matter accumulation of rice. The Mitscherlich could not estimate the rice growth process.5. In the late of jointing and booting stage rice has highest dry matter productivity. The 26 to 60 days after transplanting is rice significant growth period, in whichdry matter accumulation is 60% of the whole stage. So it is very important to strengthen paddy field management and enhance academic research.6. The rice yield of the controlled irrigation is almost equal to that of the CK, but the controlled irrigation reduces the amount of irrigation and increase water use efficiency. Rice irrigation of the controlled irrigation is 2774.0 m3·hm-2, which reduced by 40.4% than that of the CK. Also, the water use efficiency and irrigation water use efficiency of the controlled irrigation are improved by 37%and 68.5% than that of the CK.更多还原