【作者】 方敏；

【导师】 唐磊；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 法律， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 取保候审是指在我国刑事诉讼过程中，公安机关、国家安全机关、人民检察院、人民法院责令犯罪嫌疑人、被告人提出保证人或交纳保证金，以保证犯罪嫌疑人、被告人不逃避或妨碍侦查、起诉、审判，并随传随到的一种强制措施。取保候审这种非羁押性措施，如果得到准确有效地适用，必将在保证刑事诉讼顺利进行和保障被追诉者的合法权益方面发挥重要作用。但在我国的刑事诉讼实践中，相对于刑事拘留和逮捕这两种强制措施而言，取保候审却较少被采用。犯罪嫌疑人、被告人被拘留、逮捕之后，羁押成为一项原则，使本来是整个刑事强制措施体系中的一种较为轻缓的强制措施——取保候审，演变成为犯罪嫌疑人、被告人“不能承受之轻”。取保候审运用较少成为高羁押率、刑讯逼供、超期羁押等问题的主要原因之一。因此，取保候审制度的完善迫在眉睫，其对于我国刑事司法走向法治与文明有着重要的意义。 本文阐述了我国取保候审制度的产生与发展、性质和功能，并对取保候审与保释制度进行了简单比较。我国取保候审制度有着悠久的历史，其作为一项重要的强制措施，始终在不断完善之中，尤其是1996年新修改的刑事诉讼法。但经过几年的实践检验，目前，这项制度仍然不够完善，除执法观念上存在偏差外，在法律规定方面还存在：适用对象限制过多、取保候审在适用时可操作性差、保证人的责任不明确、保证金数额的确定任意性较大、期限不明确、重复取保、取保候审质量不高、救济制度欠缺等问题。 我国取保候审制度与国外保释制度具有一定的相似性。保释制度最早发源于英国，在英美法系国家比较发达。其深深蕴涵着以下三种理念：自由理念、无罪推定、权利保障。在人权保障理念的影响下，保释制度不断为大陆法系国家所借鉴，适用的范围也在不断地扩展，以便减少审前羁押，更好地保护犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的人权。笔者认为，国外保释制度的合理内容值得我们借鉴。 取保候审制度的改革必须立足于我国实际，在对改革方案的可行性进行充分论证的基础上，对国外相关法律制度去弊存利后加以吸收、借鉴，循序渐进地进行。为此笔者提出，需要变革诉讼理念。程序上，取保候审适用的程序应公开化，逐步完善取保候审的法律救济机制。还应完善取保候审的相关制度:明确规定取保候审的条件、适当扩大取保候审的适用范围，明确取保候审的期限，丰富和完善担保方式，明确保证人责任，改进和加强对被取保候审.人员的监督、管理措施，扩大申请取保候审的范围，建立取保候审的风险免责制度，加强对取保候审的监督、净化执法环境。 在保障社会安全的同时要保障犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的基本人权，这是社会文明程度的一个折射。我国正逐步扭转“重打击、轻保护”的观念，我们可以期待，在犯罪控制和正当程序立场日渐融合的当代，在我们的不懈努力之下，取保候审制度必然会逐步完善起来。关键词:取保候审保释缺陷完善更多还原

【Abstract】 Summary: Being out on bail is a kind of compulsory measure which means that in the process of our national criminal suit, public security agency, national security agency, People’s Procuratorate and People’s Court order the suspect or defendant to put forward guarantors or pay the earnest money, so as to ensure that the suspect or defendant will not escape or hinder the investigation, suit and trial, and be available at any time. If being out on bail, a non-detaining measure, can be applied in an appropriate and effective way, it will play an important role in guaranteeing that criminal suit goes on smoothly and ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of the prosecuted. But in the criminal suit practice of our country, compared with the two kinds of compulsory measures as detaining for criminal act and arresting, being out on bail is less adopted. When the suspect or defendant is arrested, detaining has become a principle, which makes being out on bail, a comparatively light compulsory measure in the whole criminal coercive measure system, turn out to be something which the suspect or defendant "cannot bear so much". Less application of being out on bail has become one main reason for the issues as high detaining rate, extorting a confession by torture, and extending detention. Therefore, the perfect on being out on bail system is extremely urgent, which means so much for our criminal jurisprudence moving towards law administration and civilization.This text has explained the formulation, development and function of being out on bail system in our country, and made a comparison on being out on bail and releasing on bail. The being out on bail system in our country has a long history. As an important compulsory measure, it is under continuous perfection, especially for the 1996 newly revised criminal lawsuit. However, after practical examination for several years, this system is still not prefect at present. Except the deviation on the lawenforcement, there are many problems existing in the law stipulation such as too many limits on the objective target, bad feasibility in the practical adoption, unclear responsibility of the guarantor, too much willfulness when deciding the sum of earnest money, undefined allotted time, repeated bail, low quality of being out on bail and the lack of relieving system.There is kind of similarity between being out on bail system of our country and the other countries. The releasing on bail stemmed out from Britain, and developed much in the English and American law system. It contains three kinds of ideas: The freedom idea, presumption of innocence, rights ensure. With the influence of human rights ensuring idea, the releasing on bail system always be learned by the continent law system, and its applying scale is expanding continually. In order to reduce the detaining before trail, and protect the human rights of the suspect and defendant. I think the rational content of releasing on bail system abroad is worth our learning.The reform of being out on bail must be based on the reality of our country, and full research on the feasibility of the reform scheme. It must be carried out step by step after careful study and drawing on the foreign relative law systems. For this reason, the author proposes to improve the lawsuit idea. In the procedure approach, the adopted procedures of being out on bail should be open to the public, perfect the law relieving system of being out on bail. At the same time, perfect the relative system: clarify the condition for being out on bail, expanding its adopting scale appropriately, clarify its allotted time, rich and perfect the guaranteeing way. clarify the responsibility of the guarantor, improve and strengthen the supervising and managing measures on the person who is out on bail, purify the law-enforcing environment.While ensuring the social security, we should guarantee the basic human rights for suspects and defendants, which is a reflection for the social civilization degree. Our country is on the way of gradually changing the idea of "publishin更多还原