【作者】 曾剑云；

【导师】 苏衡彦；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 政治经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 理论界普遍认为局部优化环境能带动高新技术产业发展，但是我国科技园区并没有发挥如此功效；十六大提出的新型工业化道路要求优先发展信息产业，将高新技术渗透到传统产业，依靠高新技术推动经济发展，这表明高新技术产业发展速度直接关系我国工业化进程。因此寻找我国科技园区失效原因具有重要的现实意义。 首先回顾了我国高新技术产业的发展历程及取得成就，从社会资本角度归纳出当前我国高新技术产业群存在的问题并探讨其后果，阐述高新技术产业的集群规律，认为我国科技园区建设不遵循集群规律，导致我国高新技术产业群大多处于萌芽状态，极少进入初级阶段，没有一个迈入高级阶段。接着，从经济学角度分析初、高级阶段高新技术产业群的竞争优势。初级阶段高新技术产业群竞争优势为成本优势，这种优势来源于产品的有效需求与供给增加、外部规模经济、外部范围经济、专业化分工及交易费用的减少，但成本优势难以持久：高级阶段高新技术产业群竞争优势为创新优势，来源于区域创新网络，创新优势无法模拟，可长期存在。 其次，提出并论证社会资本决定高新技术产业群竞争优势这一观点。社会资本包括信任、制度、网络，其中制度由声誉机制、创业观念、平等观念、信用观念等非正式制度和有关信用规定的正式制度组成。社会资本能够使群内经济主体信任建立在制度基础上，有助于产业群由萌芽状态向初级阶段发展，还能使群内经济主体信任转移，保障产业群由初级阶段向高级阶段进化。同时，社会资本能够节约群内经济主体合作的交易费用，造就信息自由流动的环境，有效激励群内人才创新，显著提高群内企业创新效率。文中还构筑一个新的两阶段模型，引用新竹工业园的发展进一步说明社会资本的决定作用。 最后，从社会资本角度提出发展我国高新技术产业群的对策，如建立以产业群为导向的产业体系，扶持中小企业，完善科技中介组织服务体系：为风险投资创造良好的制度环境；建立群内个人、企业信用信息网络；培育创新人才，造就创业文化。更多还原

【Abstract】 Theory circles generally think the local optimum environment can drive the new high-tech industry to develop. However, science and technology parks in China have not brought such result; the new industrializing road, which was proposed on the 16th national congress of the Communist Party of China, demands priority to develop the information industry? Permeating the new and high technology through traditional industries, relying on the new high-tech industry will affect directly the new industrializing process. Therefore, it is significant for us to search for the invalid reason of science and technology parks in our country.At first, the thesis has reviewed the development course of the new high-tech industry of China and the achievement, summing up the present industry cluster existing problem of new and high-tech in our country in terms of social capital, probing into its consequence, explaining cluster law of the new high-tech industry. The author assume the governments of science and technology parks have not followed the cluster law, causing the industry clusters of new and high-tech to be mostly on the sprout stage, seldom junior stage, none of senior stage. Then, the competition advantage of industry group of the new and high-tech of the junior stage and senior stage are analysed in terms of economics. The competitive advantage in the junior stage is an advantage of the cost, deriving from the incensement in valid demand and supply of high technology products, economy of external scale and external scope, the specializing division of labour on the basis of specialization and the decreasement of transaction cost; but the advantage of the cost is difficult to maintain. The industry cluster competition advantage of the new and high-tach of senior stage is an innovative advantage, stemming from the innovation network of area, which is unable to imitate, existing for a long time.Secondly, it is demonstrated that social capital determines competition advantage of industry cluster of the new and high-tech. Social capital includes trust, institution and network. Institution is composed of credit law and informal institution, comprised by views of credit, start-up and equality as well as reputation mechanism. Social capital usually makes economic subject who set up on the basis of institution to believe on each other, contributing to industry cluster development by bud to primary stage. It can still make economic subject belief shift, which ensure industry cluster to evolve to advance stage from primary stage. Meanwhile, social capital can economize transaction cost with cooperative economic subjects in cluster, bring up the environment that information flowsfreely, leading to encouragement the innovation of talent in cluster effectively, improvement of enterprise’s innovative efficiency in cluster notably. The author constructs one new trro-stage-model, quotes the development of xinzhu industrial parks so as to prove the function of social capital.Finally, we should cultivate social capital in the procession of development of the new and high-tech industry cluster. For example, We Should construct industry system that can lead to industry cluster, having a foothold somewhere and supporting the middle and small business, amplifying and improving the science and technology intermediary organizations; Excellent institutional environment should be created; The individual credit information network and enterprise credit information network should be established in the high and new technology industry cluster; Start-up culture should be formed, innovator should be cultivated.更多还原