【作者】 刘智勇；

【导师】 胡永远；

【作者基本信息】 湖南大学 ， 西方经济学， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 随着知识经济的兴起与迅猛发展，人力资本作为技术进步的源泉，愈益被视为经济增长的“引擎”，成为解释国家、地区间经济增长差异的重要因素。但从已有的实证分析来看，其解释力随国家和地区、经济发展阶段的不同而存在差异。与之密切相关的一个重要现实问题是：中国经济虽然高速增长，人力资本存量也有很大提高，但其技术进步的贡献明显低于发达国家甚至一些发展中国家水平。这些问题正为越来越多的国内外学者所关注，他们力图回答：这些差异存在的原因何在?会不会是某些类型人力资本所起作用很小?经济增长会主要由什么类型的人力资本决定? 本文采用人力资本——人力资本分类——创新型人力资本——技术创新——经济增长的技术线路，对上述问题进行了研究。首先，我们依据人力资本理论和现代教育学、心理学理论，从人力资本“质”的角度将人力资本分为一般型人力资本、技能型人力资本和创新型人力资本三种类型。然后，着重分析了“创新型人力资本”这一概念的本质及其特征，并就创新型人力资本对经济增长的作用机制和对经济增长的贡献趋势进行了经验研究。我们的主要结论是：(1)创新型人力资本的本质特征在于创新，它主要通过技术创新间接地作用于经济增长，而且，创新型人力资本具有边际报酬递增的特性。(2)随着市场约束、资源约束、技术约束的增强，创新型人力资本对经济增长的贡献不断增大。(3)人力资本的合理配置是人力资本充分发挥自身作用的重要前提。本文的实证分析表明，不同类型的人力资本对经济增长的作用机制不同。因此，人力资本只有在得到合理配置的条件下，才能获得投入的最高产出率，这一点对创新型人力资本来说尤为重要。最后，基于本文的实证结论，我们提出了相关政策建议：(1)进一步发展高等教育，加快创新型人力资本存量的提高，以提高我国科技竞争力，扩大科技进步在经济增长中的含量。(2)加大制度创新力度，提高创新型人力资本使用效率，以缓解我国创新型人力资本供给短缺与需求旺盛的矛盾，促进我国经济的长期增长。更多还原

【Abstract】 With knowledge economy arising and developing rapidly, as the source of technological progress human capital is more and more regarded as the engine of economic growth and hence the crucial factor which explains the divergence in growth rates across counties and regions. But some existing empirical studies show its explanation is different in different counties and regions or at different stages of economic development. An important realistic problem which closely connents to it is: despite the rapid growth of China’s economy and a large increase in human capital stocks, the contribution of its technological progress is much less than that of developed even some developing counties. More and more scholars are focusing on these problems, they try to answer such questions as what is the cause of these divergence? Is it because some types of human capital affect growth weakly? Will economic growth be driven mainly by which type of human capital?This paper researches into above-mentioned problems by technological approach which comes from human capital, human capital classification, creative human capital, technological innovation to economic growth. Firstly, we focus on tile quality aspect of human capital, and classify human capital into three types: general, skillful and creative according to the theory of human capital, modern education and phychology. Then we analyse the essence of the concept of creative human capital and its character, and make an empirical study on the impacting mechanism of creative human capital on economic growth as well as its contribution. Our main conclusions of this dissertation are: (1) The essencial character of creative human capital lies in innovation, it influences economic growth indirectly as the engine of technological innovation, further more, its marginal returns is increasing. (2) With the constraints imposed by the market, resources and technology enhancing, the contribution of creative human capital to growth tends to be strengthened. (3) The rational allocation is prerequisite for human capital to be used efficiently. Our empirical study indicates that different type of human capital has different impacting mechanism, so only on condition that human capital is allocated rationally can it get the highest productivity. As for creative human capital, this point is especially important. Finally, based on the empirical findings of this paper, we give some positive suggestions: (1) Speeding further up the development of higher education and increase in creative human capitalstocks can enhance the competence of China’s technology and enlarge the contribution of technological progress. (2) Enhancing system innovation and making use of creative human capital more efficiently will relieve the contradiction between the short supply of creative human capital and its strong demand, and prompt the long-run economic growth of our country.更多还原