【作者】 刘礼祥；

【导师】 章北平；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 市政工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 黄姜是生产“药用黄金”——皂素的主要原材料。黄姜是湖北省郧西县的支柱产业之一。皂素生产过程中会产生大量的废水。皂素废水是一种高浓度难降解的酸性废水,污染物浓度高,直接排放会对环境造成严重的污染。由于皂素废水成分复杂,目前还没有成功应用于工程实际的废水处理工艺。本课题即是通过生产性试验研究来探讨可行的皂素废水处理工艺。整个课题采用物化/生化/生态组合工艺来处理皂素废水。本论文作为整个课题第二部分,主要是采用两相厌氧工艺-好氧工艺-人工湿地组合工艺来处理经预处理之后的皂素废水,以满足达标排放的要求。其中两相厌氧工艺的产酸反应器采用常规上向流反应器,产甲烷反应器采用激波厌氧反应器。激波厌氧反应器可在常温下成功实现产甲烷过程。本研究是首次将激波厌氧工艺应用于高浓度工业废水处理,为这项科研成果拓宽了应用领域。好氧反应器采用传统的射流曝气池。深度处理采用人工湿地。经过4个月试验研究得出如下结论:采用污水处理厂干化剩余污泥作为接种污泥是可行的。采用一次培养法来培菌可以在2个月完成培菌驯化过程。两相厌氧系统在常温下可成功处理皂素废水。在本研究实际运行中COD平均去除率达60.5%,其中水解酸化池平均去除率为42.09%,激波厌氧池平均去除率为48.28%。射流曝气工艺在温度低于35℃常温环境下COD去除率稳定在90%左右。水平潜流型人工湿地作为皂素废水深度处理工艺是可行的,可保证处理出水达一级排放标准。人工湿地COD平均去除率为47.79%,氨氮平均去除率为75.64%,总磷平均去除率为88.82%。人工湿地水头损失沿长度方向呈明显的线性关系。pH值对厌氧处理系统影响较大。水解酸化池最佳pH值范围为5.5-6.5。如果pH值大于7,则处理效果将会明显下降。激波厌氧反应器最佳pH值范围为6.8-7.2。温度对厌氧和好氧工艺均会产生明显的影响:随着温度的升高,整个系统的处理效果明显上升。当温度超过35℃后,除非采取相应技术措施,好氧系统处理效果将会明显下降。本研究成功实现皂素废水处理达标排放,处理成本为3.34元/m3。为有效地降低处理成本,建议走资源化治理道路。更多还原

【Abstract】 Dioscorea zingiberensis is the major raw material for producing saponin that is named as “the gold of medicine”. Dioscorea zingiberensis is one of the main industries in Yunxi County Hubei province. A large number of wastewater stems from producing process. Saponin wastewater is a kind of acid wastewater which is high concentrated and difficult to be decomposed. It will pollute seriously to the environment if saponin wastewater is discharged directly. At present, there is not an appropriate process that can be used to treat saponin wastewater successfully in practical engineering because of the complex composition. The study just tries to search a feasible method to treat saponin wastewater by full-scale experiment.The total issue is mianly studied on the assorted process physical chemistry-biochemistry-ecotype. As the second half of the full issue, the thesis mainly studies on the combined process of two-phase anaerobic-aerobic- constructed wetland to treat saponin wastewater which has been pretreated. The process is applied to assure the quality of outflow can reach the first-grade national standards of discharge. According to two-phase anaerobic digestion process, the normal up-flow reactor acts as acidification phase reactor, and anaerobic bio-reactor with shock wave as the methane phase reactor. Anaerobic bio-reactor with shock wave can produce the methane in ambient temperature. It is the first time for anaerobic bio-reactor with shock wave to be used for high-concentration industrial wastewater treatment, which widens the application field for the research. The traditional jet agitator is used as the aerobic reactor. The constructed wetland is used as the advanced treatment in the process.After four months researches by full-scale experiment, the result of the experiment shows: activated sludge can be used as inoculated sludge. The culturing and domesticating bacterium phases can end in two months by means of one-time culturing. Two-phase anaerobic digestion system can be used to treat saponin wastewater successfully in ambient temperature. The 60.5% removal of COD can be obtained by Two-phase anaerobic digestion process under the condition of ambient temperature. The average removal of COD can be got 42.09% by hydrolysis acidification process and 47.79% can be got by anaerobic bio-reactor with shock wave process. The 90% removal of COD could be obtained by jet agitator process when the temperature is lower than 35℃. That the constructed wetland with horizontal subsurface flow is used as advanced treatment process is feasible. It assures the quality of outflow can reach the first-level national standards of discharge. The average removal percentage of COD, NH4 and TP in constructed wetland reach 47.79, 75.64 and 88.82 respectively. The relationship between hydrodynamic loss and lengthwise position of constructed wetland accords with linear equation. The efficiency of anaerobic process is obvious influenced by the pH value. The optimal pH value for hydrolysis acidification reactor ranges from 5.5 to 6.5. The treatment efficiency will be decreased obviously when the pH value is higher than 7. The <WP=6>optimal pH value for anaerobic bio-reactor with shock wave ranges from 6.8 to 7.2. The efficiency of anaerobic and aerobic process is obvious influenced by temperature: the efficiency of the total process will be increased obviously when the temperature arises. Unless corresponding technical measure is applied, the efficiency of aerobic process will be decreased markedly when the temperature higher than 35℃.The outflow quality that has been treated by the combined process attaints to the first-grade national standards of discharge. The cost of the treatment is 3.34 Yuan/m3. The research indicates that the best way for saponin wastewater treatment is to utilize the wastewater synthetically, which can decrease the cost of the treatment effectively.更多还原