【作者】 朱峰；

【导师】 王保树；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 经济法学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 公用企业由于其固定投资成本大、产品输出具有网络管道性以及生产经营具有公益性的特点，在传统经济学上被视为“自然垄断”行业。由于这种“自然垄断”的无可指责性，反垄断法将其作为适用除外的领域。但是随着最近 20多年发达国家对公用企业引入竞争机制之浪潮的兴起，公用企业“自然垄断”的性质受到人们广泛的质疑。相应的，其在反垄断法上作为适用除外的领域也引起学者们的质疑。现在，有关公用企业的反垄断法适用除外制度不仅在世界各国反垄断立法上出现了千差万别的变化，而且在反垄断法学当中引起了广泛的争论。对公用企业的反垄断法适用除外问题展开深入的研究已经成为重要的理论课题。文章首先从理论的层面阐明了公用企业反垄断法适用除外制度的法理基础。紧接着，从规范比较的层面分析了大陆法系以及英美法系一些国家和地区有关公用企业的反垄断法适用除外制度。通过归纳总结认为，很多国家都有着或者曾经有过广泛的公用企业反垄断法适用除外的规定，但是公用企业反垄断法适用除外的空间越来越小，而且公用企业也并非绝对的受到反垄断法的豁免，其滥用垄断地位的行为仍然要受到禁止。最后文章根据当前我国公用事业领域之经济形势，以及现行相关的法律规定，从实体规范、程序规范、立法精神以及立法体例等方面提出了建构我国有关公用企业的反垄断法适用除外制度的思路。文章认为，未来的反垄断法应当确认公用企业的垄断状态豁免适用反垄断法。公用企业的垄断行为在不违背反垄断法基本主旨的前提下，经过主管行政机关的批准，在一定年限内可以豁免适用反垄断法。但是，随着形势的变化，本身政策性很强的反垄断法对有关公用企业的这种适用除外规定可以进行相应的调整。更多还原

【Abstract】 Public utilities were treated by traditional economics as “naturalmonopoly” industries because of their characteristics of large investmentcost, sales depending on net and pipeline and nature of commonweal. Becausenatural monopoly cannot be criticized, the public utilities should be exemptedfrom the antitrust liabilities. However, as many developed countries begun tointroduce competition to the public utilities in the latest 20 years, their natureof natural monopoly was widely doubted. Accordingly, their statue as theexemption of antitrust laws was also doubted. Nowadays, the antitrustexemptions of public utilities not only vary in the antitrust laws all over theworld but also cause wide debates. It has become an important task to studythe antitrust exemption problems of public utilities. The paper, in the first place, has discussed the legal basis of antitrustexemptions of public utilities. After that, it compares the regulations ofseveral counties and district from civil law system and common law systemon public utility exemptions. Through the comparison, it holds that theantitrust exemptions of public utilities are widely recognized by regulationsof many counties. However, the range of exemptions is getting narrow.Meanwhile, their abuse of monopoly status cannot be exempted from antitrustliabilities. Finally, based on the analysis of Chinese economic conditions inpublic utilities, the paper discusses the way to establish its own antitrustexemption system of public utilities from the aspects of substantialregulations, procedural regulations, legislation spirit and legislation style. Asa conclusion, it argues that the monopoly state of public utilities can beexempted from antitrust liabilities in China. Their restrictive conduct can beexempted from the application of antirust law under strict conditions.更多还原