【作者】 张慧；

【导师】 景军；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 社会学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 到目前为止,系统检视污名和歧视对艾滋病病毒感染者和病人的影响的社会学研究在中国还十分缺乏。这一方面是因为直到三年以前中国的社会科学才开始介入艾滋病的相关研究领域,另一方面也因为这样的研究的确难于开展。中国虽然已经累积有100万的艾滋病病毒感染者和病人,但是检测出来的感染者和病人不到10%。这就意味着绝大多数的感染者都是不知情的感染者,而那些已经知道感染的人也并不一定愿意暴露自己的身份和陌生的研究者来谈论他(她)们的病情。我从2001年开始艾滋病相关方面的研究,并在近两年的时间里尽可能的和30多名艾滋病病毒感染者/病人进行了较为深入的访谈。以这些在北京、湖北、安徽等地进行的面对面访谈资料为基础,本文将主要关注以下两个问题:第一,引发艾滋病污名和歧视的主导性话语的社会文化建构;第二,污名和歧视对艾滋病病毒感染者和病人所造成的影响。对前一个问题的研究将由推论性的分析组成,对后一个问题的研究尝试则基于对病痛叙述的理解和分析。尤其不同的是,我的论文是一项定性研究。为了更好的解析艾滋病的主导话语如何形成以及对艾滋病病人和社会产生了怎样的影响,我选择了以下四个方面作为详细讨论的问题:恐惧、隐藏、反抗和报复。也就是说,通过对这四个关键方面的选择,我试图去回答病人如何将艾滋病作为挑战他(她)们生活和声誉的严重威胁、如何尽可能的隐藏感染艾滋病的状况、如何反抗被污名化以及如何在公众的谣言中被描绘成具有强烈报复社会心理的病人群体等问题。通过对这四个问题的研究,我发现,被访谈的病人们所感受到的恐惧是远远超越了艾滋病的生物学意涵的,而更多的是一种社会-生物恐慌。因此,病人们隐藏HIV阳性的努力以及对抗污名化的行动最终都不仅仅是对威胁他(她)们作为生物学存在的回应,还包括对挑战他(她)们社会存在的危险的应对。更重要的是,我的分析表明,中国的医疗机构、大众媒体以及公共政策在建构社会-生物恐惧、隐藏病情的努力以及艾滋病病人一定会报复社会的公众想象中起到了不可否认的作用。本文用于指导污名分析的理论框架主要源于我对1960年代Erving Goffman 以及最近的Bruce Link所发展出来的一套有关污名的概念和分析方法的运用。更多还原

【Abstract】 Up to now, few sociological studies have been conducted in China that systematically examines the impact of stigma and discrimination upon People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWAs). This is partly because sociological studies of AIDS in China were a tabooed area of research until three years ago and partly because such studies still remain difficult to conduct. China has an estimated number of one million HIV infections accumulatively, but less than 10 percent of these infections are clinically tested. While the absolutely majority of HIV carriers in China are unknowing, the patients who actually have been informed of their HIV-positive status are unwilling to talk with social researchers about their illness. I became involved in social research on AIDS in 2001 and have managed to interviewed more than 30 PLWAs over time. On the basis of my face-to-face interviews with PLWAs in Beijing, Hubei, and Anhui, I explore in this thesis two major issues. First, I explore the socio-cultural construction of a dominant AIDS discourse that breeds stigma and discrimination. Second, I explore the impact of sigma and discrimination upon people living with HIV/AIDS. While my first attempt constitutes a discursive analysis, my second attempt is an analysis of illness narratives. Put differently, my thesis is a qualitative study. In explaining how China’s dominant AIDS discourse has developed and what effect it has inserted upon AIDS patients in specific and society in general, I single out four major issues for detailed discussion: fear, concealment, resistance, and revenge. Specifically, I try to answer how patients perceive AIDS as a threat to their lives and reputation, how patients attempt to hide their HIV/-positive status, how patients resist stigmatization, and how patients are painted in public rumors as a collectivity of revengeful individuals. My main argument in this thesis is that the fear on the part of the patients I interviewed goes far beyond biological implications and that it is in fact a socio-biological panic. Therefore, the attempt by patients to hide their HIV-positive status and their resistance to stigmatization is a response to a danger that threatens to end not only their biological existence but also their social existence. More importantly, my analysis demonstrates China’s medical community, mass media, and public policies contributed in an undeniable fashion not only to the configuration of the socio-biological fear and attempts of concealment but also to the public imagination that AIDS patients are bound to take revenge against society. The theoretical frameworks guiding my analysis of stigma are my applications of a set of concepts and analytical methods developed by Erving Goffman in the 1960s and Bruce Link more recently.更多还原