【作者】 李景波；

【导师】 许忠厚；

【作者基本信息】 清华大学 ， 动力工程及工程热物理， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 汽车的多种有害排放物是造成空气污染的重要污染源,随着人们环保意识的提高,各种针对汽车排放的法规相继出台,但都主要是控制汽车尾气排放。而燃油蒸发排放作为汽车排放的一项重要内容,虽然也有相应的法规,但执行的力度不够,还未引起人们的重视,有必要进一步加强国内对燃油蒸发污染的宣传和治理工作。为控制燃油蒸发污染物的产生,国外自20世纪70年代以来开始在汽油车上安装燃油蒸发污染物控制装置。我国在1995年也颁布了控制燃油蒸发排放的相关法规。虽然控制装置有很多种,但以燃油蒸汽储存装置—炭罐为核心的污染物控制装置是目前国内外主要采用的形式。随着蒸发排放法规的日益严格,提高燃油蒸发污染物控制装置的性能成为当务之急。而炭罐是整个燃油蒸发污染物控制装置的核心部件,其性能的好坏直接影响蒸发排放的控制效果。本文的研究目标是总结20世纪70年代以来国内外在燃油蒸发污染控制方面的研究成果和技术进展,针对提高炭罐性能进行研究,为国内的燃油蒸发控制和炭罐设计工作提供借鉴。本文根据标准HCRJ047-1999建立了以汽油为吸附质的炭罐性能试验台,并设计了一套方便可行的燃油蒸汽温度控制装置。对国外已经采用而目前国内尚未使用的以正丁烷为吸附质的炭罐性能检测方法进行了分析研究,分析了其取代以汽油蒸汽为吸附质的炭罐性能检测方法的可行性,并通过一些试验分析了以丁烷为吸附质的炭罐性能检测标准JASO E501各参数是如何确定的。对国内外关于炭罐设计方面的资料进行了比较全面的总结和分析,包括车用活性炭的选择方法;上下吸式炭罐性能比较;隔板、吸脱附温度、脱附流速和空气湿度对炭罐性能的影响。以丁烷检测技术为基础,通过实验研究了影响炭罐性能的各种因素,包括:炭罐长径比、扩散板、吸附口深度、吸脱附口及空气口相对位置等结构设计因素对炭罐性能的影响;吸附流速对炭罐性能的影响,得出了一系列对炭罐设计有指导意义的结果。更多还原

【Abstract】 Automobile emission is the main reason for air pollution. With emphasis on the environment protection various emission control regulations are carried out, but many of them aim at exhaust emission. Although for controlling evaporative emission some regulations are established, but the execution is not well. It is necessary to put more efforts in the evaporative emission.Evaporative emission controlling system is used for automobile.As emission control regulation is more and more rigid how to promote the system performance is the most important thing. Activated carbon canister is the main part of the evaporative emission control system. Its performance affects the system performance. The object in this paper is to master the research and technique on evaporative loss control system in the developed countries and in China, study on the carbon canister performance, use for reference for emission control and canister design in China.This paper established a test-bed for carbon canister gasoline working capacity and design thermostat device for it. Discuss the test method for carbon canister performance using n-butane as adsorbate. Analyze the feasibility of replace the test-bed for carbon canister gasoline working capacity. By experiments discuss how the configurations of the test method are determined. Summarize the data on how to design activated carbon canister, such as: how to select activated carbon; compare the performance for the two configurations of top absorption and bottom absorption.; how the configurations affect carbon canister performance—clapboard, the temperature of absorption and desorption, flow velocity of desorption, relative humidity. Investigate configurations affecting carbon canister performance using n-butane test method, such as: L/D, diffuse board, depth of absorptive pipe, flow velocity of absorption, etc. These results are valuable to direct the design of the canister.更多还原