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电厂负荷优化分配方法及其在SIS中的实现

Economic Dispatch Research and Its Application in SIS

【作者】 张晓玲

【导师】 黄树红;

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 , 热能工程, 2004, 硕士

【摘要】 随着电力工业体制改革的不断深化,电力生产运营方式开始由传统的电力垄断向“厂网分开,竞价上网” 的发电侧市场竞争运营模式转变。因此,电力生产出现了一些新的问题,例如机组负荷调度方式的变化、上网电价之间的竞争等。本文在电力市场改革的环境下,结合用户的具体需求,以厂级监控信息系统(SIS)应用软件的设计和开发为线索对其中的负荷优化分配功能模块做了详细的讨论。本论文重点讨论电力市场体制改革下发电企业内部并列运行单元机组间负荷优化分配的问题,建立以全厂煤耗量最小为目标函数的发电成本规划方法,并采用动态规划优化算法进行求解。在传统的负荷分配约束条件基础上本文增加了一个以设备安全为主的约束条件,将机组运行安全问题考虑到负荷分配问题中,实现了兼顾机组安全运行的负荷经济分配。确定单元机组的耗量特性曲线是整个负荷分配问题的基础,文中利用机组在各工况点下的热力参数采用最小二乘法拟合得出机组的特性曲线。然后采用动态规划方法在给定的约束条件下进行负荷最优分配。为了将设备安全性做为约束条件,文中建立了单元机组设备状态综合评价的数学模型,将定性的设备运行状态实现量化并对其进行计算论证,最后将之应用到具体的负荷分配计算中。将设备的综合状态做为负荷分配的约束条件之一进行求解无疑将大大增加求解模型的变量数目和计算的难度,因此论文从工程实用的角度出发采用双层求解步骤。首先计算出传统约束条件下负荷分配的结果,然后结合设备运行的综合状态在分配结果的基础上实行修正,使得运行状态较好的机组带较高的负荷,运行状态较差的机组带较低的负荷,在一定程度上保证了机组的安全性。经过计算,结论指出:采用动态规划方法可以较好的找到负荷的最优解而不需要对机组的耗量特性关系做任何修正;利用设备运行状态的综合指标作为约束条件是进行考虑设备安全的负荷分配的一个新的手段之一,该方法具有一定的实际应用和研究意义。同时本论文也对SIS系统做了较为详细的介绍,它是实现负荷在线分配的应用平台和实现基础。论文概述了SIS系统整体规划和设计分析,讨论了SIS系统的总体设计思想和功能模块分析,阐述了SIS系统具体在软件、硬件、数据库及其接口设计方面的考虑,指出电力生产实时监视系统采用硬件冗余设计、使用标准化的软件开发平台和软件开发技术是解决生产数据高速传输和数据共享、海量数据存储以及系统二次开发的有效方法。

【Abstract】 In China, power industry reformation is deepening more and more, and the working pattern of power generation is transforming from conventional monopolistic pattern to a new competitive pattern that is setting up a competition between all of power plants. As a result, there are some new problems occurred, such as the change of load dispatching style, the electrical cost competition etc. In the electric power market reformation,considering the demand of power plants, economic dispatch (ED) in power plant is discussed in detail.The emphasis of the paper is ED problem under the power industry reformation circumstance. This thesis brings forward an object function named generation cost program and uses dynamic programming to solve the ED problem. On the basis of conventional constraint conditions, this paper advances a new constraint condition, which concerns about equipment safety. Fitting a curve that represents coal consumption and power relationship is the first thing to be determined. In this paper, least squares fitting method is used to fit the consumption performance curve. And then finding an appropriate mathematic model and algorithm is a necessary process. Dynamic programming is one of important algorithm be used in this paper. In order to considering the equipment safety into ED problem, a new model is set up to evaluate the synthesis running states of unit equipment. At the same time, it becomes more difficult and complicated to solve ED problem and more difficult to find optimum solutions after using safety constraint condition. As a result, a practical engineering procedure is used in the thesis to obtain the results. Firstly, use dynamic programming to get results under conventional constraint conditions. Secondly, considering the safety constraint condition to adjust the initial solutions is a supplementary mean in solving new ED problem.After calculation, conclusions is obtained that: dynamic programming is an efficient algorithm in finding optimum solutions without considering any other limitation of coal consumption and power relationship; using safety constraint condition is a new method in ED problem solving and is worthy of research and application. On the other hand, the state-of-the-art of SIS and its development and function definition are discussed. As an application software development, some integrated planning must be done before the whole software development beginning. Collective design ideas, software project, hardware design, database and its interface all-sided is discussed in paper also. After apply SIS to reality power plant, it is obviously find that using hardware redundancy design, employing standardization software development tools and technologies are the more efficient way to resolving data storage, data transfer in high speed, data sharing etc. of supervisory system.

  • 【分类号】TM73
  • 【被引频次】20
  • 【下载频次】548
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