【作者】 王磊；

【导师】 黄树红；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 热能工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着电力工业的发展,发电厂对设备的状态的评价提出来越来越高的要求,准确掌握设备的状态,是正确调整机组运行,设备进行状态检修以及机组间的负荷分配的重要依据。本论文根据火电厂中设备工作的特性,运用其现有的设备运行参数,求得设备的状态评价指标,对设备的运行状态进行评价。首先,说明了设备运行状态评价的意义和应用,接着回顾了状态监测、故障诊断的发展过程,阐述了状态评价和状态监测、故障诊断之间的关系。对火电厂厂级信息监控系统(SIS)的功能定位和现阶段国内外的发展情况,也进行了介绍。最后,说明了状态评价在SIS系统中的作用和实现。第二,系统地说明了对火电厂设备进行评价的评价体系。从单个设备、设备群和机组三个层次来对火电厂设备的运行状态进行评价,并分别给出了每一层次的评价方法和模型。针对发电设备运行的特点,通过对设备的运行参数进行分析,建立设备的评价模型,来评价设备的运行状态。同时,提出火电厂发电设备状态综合评价的原则和要求,建立电厂发电设备状态综合评价指标体系。根据各类设备在发电机组中的功能和运行特点,运用领域专家打分法确定指标体系中各指标的权重,综合评价该机组的运行状态等级。第三,对火电厂中的回热加热器、风机、水泵、凝汽器和磨煤机五类设备,根据其运行特点和和常见故障,详细的地给出了设备评价指标以及设备的评价模型。本论文重点讨论了回热加热器和风机的评价指标和模型。针对回热加热器,提出了清洁系数和疏水温差的评价指标。通过对回热加热器的换热系数的修正,得到只与加热器本身状态有关的清洁系数,作为加热器换热面清洁程度的评价指标。同时,根据换热器的换热量计算得到换热器的理想疏水温度,求得疏水温差,用该值作为评价加热器泄漏程度的评价指标。对于风机,提出使用风机效率和压差作为评价指标。根据风机运行的参数和风机的特性曲线,求出风机的效率和压差。这两个参数能根据风机的运行参数的变化,来反映出风机的运行状态。最后,将这种设备状态评价方法应用到某电厂SIS系统中。论文详细地介绍了SIS系统结构,并对该SIS系统在现场运行中的情况进行了介绍。然后,根据现场的数据和机组的设计数据,对加热器和风机的运行结果进行了分析,说明了评价指标和评价模型的正确性,同时,分析了误差产生的原因和误差对评价模型的影响。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the power industry developing , states evaluation to the equipment are needed more and more by power plant. Mastering the states of the equipment is important referrence to operate the unit and to instruct prediction maintenance and to distribute load between multi-unit. This dissertation researches the method of evaluation of generating electricity according as the parameters of equipments and index of ecaluation.Firstly, after Looking backward the birth and development of the gaults diagnosis and states monitoring, this dissertation introduce the meaning and application of states evaluation and explain the relation between states evaluation and states monitoring , gaults diagnosis. To the SIS, this dissertation introduces its function and development actuality.Secondly, this dissertation expatiates on the evaluation system to the equipm of power plant. It evaluates the equipments of power plant through single equipment, equipments troop, uint, and bring on the evaluating method and model. To the characters of equipments of generating electricity, the states of equipments are evaluated through the analysis of parameters of equipments and evaluating model. Then, it brings about the principals and demands of equipments of generating electricity state evaluation, creates the comprehensive evaluation indexes systems for equipments of generating electricity. According to the functions and operating characters of the different equipments in the generation unit, the weights of the indexes and operating scale of equipments of generating electricity are confirmed.Thirdly, to the heaters, the fans, the pumps, the condensers, the mills of power plant, the dissertation expand evaluation indexes and model according to the functions characters and familiar fault. Especially, this dissertation discusses evaluation indexes and model of heaters and fans. To the heater, it puts forward clean coefficient and difference in temperature of drain as evaluation indexes. Through amending the heat-echanging coefficient, it can get clean coefficient, which relates to equipments merely. Then, based on quantity of heat, it can get difference in temperature of drain, which is an evaluation index to leak of the heaters. They can show the states of the heater exactly. Bases on function parameters and characteristic curve of the fans, it can get efficiency and pressure difference of the fans. They can show the states of the fan exactly.Finally,the comprehensive evaluating model and method proposed in this paper are used in SIS system of the power plant. Then, the framework and complexion of SIS system on power plant is introduced. Finally, bases on dataes of the power plant and design of equipments, the results of evaluation to the heaters and fans are analysed. After this, the dissertation analyses the births of errors and influence of errors.更多还原