【作者】 刘红奇；

【导师】 李斌；

【作者基本信息】 华中科技大学 ， 机械电子工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 随着工业的发展,传统机床不能满足现代生产的要求,而数控机床的特点适应这种生产要求,市场需求增大。但是在数控机床的大批量生产和广泛使用过程中,简单、方便、高效和低成本的数控机床精度评价和精度检测装置是当今装备制造行业和用户厂家急需的工具,已成为制约其发展的瓶颈,对普及型数控机床的生产和使用尤为如此。本文根据这种需要,研究开发了一种系统,并在以下几个方面做了一些工作。在提高误差测量快速性方面,为了提高光栅尺测量的快速性,设计了一套便于安装、调试的附件,可较大幅度地减少测量设备安装调试的时间。另外,分析了数控机床的进给速度对测量结果的影响。.在精度评价方面,利用自己编写的软件,此软件集成了多种精度评价标准,能根据用户选定的标准对数控机床的精度做出相应评价,获得评价参数指标和直观的评价图,为数控机床的误差源分析、改善其精度提供依据。在误差补偿方面,本文分别采用四种算法拟合误差补偿模型,分别是三次多项式模型和最小二乘拟合多项式模型以及三次样条模型,并做了相应的补偿试验,并对补偿结果进行了比较分析。另外,软件系统能根据选择的数控系统厂家、类型,自动生成相应的数控系统误差补偿数据文件,实现数控机床误差的快速补偿。本文采用两种测量仪器,分别是光栅尺,步距规与千分表的组合,在配有华中世纪星数控系统的数控机床上所做试验表明,通过补偿,单轴的定位误差减少85%,反向间隙可以减少90%,与激光干涉仪比,在效率上提高3倍,价格为其5%。更多还原

【Abstract】 With the development of industry, the traditional machine tools can hardly respond to the request of modern production. Fortunately, because of their special characteristics, CNC machine tools can suit these requirements. As a result, market demand on CNC machine tools increases. However during the process of producing and using the CNC machine tools, a simple, convenient, efficient and low-cost system of error-detecting, precision evaluation and error-compensation for the CNC machine tools becomes very important. To meet this requirement, a system has been designed and this paper will report the development of the system, and the research work that has been conducted.In the respect of the fast measurement of error, a set of easy fixing test accessory is designed in order to improve it. Thus it can reduce the time of measurement to a great extent. In addition the paper analyses NC machine tools feed to measuring the influence of the result.In the respect of precision evaluation, the software developed by the author is put into use. The software which integrates many precision evaluation criterions can make corresponding evaluation on the precision of the CNC machine tools, and can get evaluation parameter index and ocular evaluation table according to the standard that users select. And these offer a basis for analyzing error sources and improving their precision.In the respect of error compensation, this paper adopts four kinds of models of error compensation---cubic polynomial model, fit multinomial model and spline model. The corresponding compensation test has been done, and a comparative analysis of the result of compensation has been made. In addition, this system can follow the producer’s selection of CNC system, and can automatically create error-compensation data file that is used for error compensation. Thus, fast error-compensation by CNC machine tools can be realized.This paper adopts two kinds of measuring instruments--linear grating and association micrometer with space gauge. Tests on the machine tools furnished with Huazhong I CNC system indicate that, through error-compensation, orient error can be reduced by 85%, and the reverse interval can be reduced by 90%. Compared with laser interferometer, efficiency can be raised by 3 times, and the price is its 5%更多还原