福州市城市扩展与城市热岛效应的遥感动态监测与分析

【作者】 王镇；

【导师】 徐涵秋；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 本文采用1989、 1996和2000年三个时相的TM/ETM+卫星遥感图像，在地理信息系统(GIS)的辅助下，利用遥感冬天变化技术对福州市1989-2000年间的土地利用变化、城市扩展和城市化进程、城市热岛效应变化以及不透水面的变化进行了动态监测和研究。通过对福州市遥感图像进行分类，查明土地类型的变化情况，然后利用三个土地利用变化指数来衡量福州市土地利用变化情况。经济的发展、人口的增长、政府规划以及自然地理条件等因素是福州市土地利用发生变化的主要原因。福州市的市区范围迅速扩展，2000年城镇建设用地面积比1989年增加了一倍，农村居民地和耕地是其主要来源。利用社会经济统计数据对福州市城市化进程进行了评估，并通过逐步回归分析揭示了固定资产投资是福州市城市化最主要的驱动因子。另外，土地政策的放开和外商投资及福州市的地理环境也在很大程度上影响了福州市城市扩展的方向和速度。为了研究福州市城市热岛效应，我们利用遥感技术将福州市三个时相遥感图像进行地面亮温反演并进行归一化处理并分级后对其分布情况和变化进行研究，得出福州市城市热岛效应不断增大的结论。在测算福州市不透水面指数的过程中，我们先将遥感原始图像转换为反射率图像，再对其进行MNF变换，以找出终端单元，然后通过光谱混和分析原理从图像中提取出不透水面指数，再对福州市1996年和2000年的不透水面在时间和空间上的变化进行研究。利用相关分析，我们发现不透水面和地面亮温存在着较大的相关度。更多还原

【Abstract】 Based on Remote sensing(RS) and Geographic Information System(GIS),three images of 1989,1996 and 2000 of Fuzhou city was used to monitor land use dynamic, urban expansion and urbanization, urban heat island and impervious change.We find out the land use dynamic by classifying the three images. Then we evaluate the change according to three land use dynamic indexes. The development of economic, the growth of population, the government’s planning and the geographic environment are the main reasons.Fuzhou city expand quickly and the urban area of 2000 is twice of the area of 1989. The increased area is mainly from country and paddy. Combined with the socioeconomic data, this paper investigated the urbanization, urban expansion intensity and industrial structure of study area. Furthermore, regression analysis was used to find out the driving forces to Fuzhou urbanization is capital asserts investment. Furthermore the unlock of the land policy, foreign investments and geographic condition influence the speed and direction of Fuzhou city expansion greatly.In order to find out the change of the urban heat island between different dates, the three thermal images were normalized and scaled to several grades to reduce seasonal difference. The study shows that the influence of urban heat island became more and more severe.In the course of evaluating the impervious surface of Fuzhou, the digital numbers of the TM/ETM+ images were converted to normalized exo-atmospheric reflectance, then MNF transform were applied to the normalized reflectance to find out the endmembers. Based on the spectral mixture analysis impervious indexes and the impervious surface of Fuzhou city of 1996 and 2000 were extracted for further study. Otherwise it shows that there was greatly correlation between the impervious index and normalized thermal image.更多还原