【作者】 潘卫华；

【导师】 徐涵秋；

【作者基本信息】 福州大学 ， 地图学与地理信息系统， 2005， 硕士

【摘要】 城市正以前所未有的速度改变着地球上的土地覆盖景观,城市的快速发展一方面造成了区域原有土地利用信息的变化,另一方面引起了区域环境的改变,而这都关系到城市的长远和可持续发展。本文以福建南部闽南金三角之一的泉州市为研究对象,利用 1989 年、1996 年和 2000 年三个时相的 TM/ETM+ 遥感影像,在 GIS 技术辅助下,并结合社会经济统计数据,对改革开放以来 1989 到2000 年间的城市变化过程进行遥感动态监测与分析。 研究表明泉州市这 11 年间土地利用信息变化迅速,城市建设用地、耕地、林地等都发生了不同程度的变化,造成了城市建设用地与耕地之间的竞争,导致了耕地数量和质量上的下降。城市化和工业化水平的不断提高是其土地利用发生变化的主要驱动力。 城区面积的迅速扩展是泉州市城市化进程的显著特征。2000 年的城区面积为 1989 年的近 4 倍。城市扩展的方式主要以蔓延和轴向扩展为主,并有加强的趋势。人口增长、经济的快速发展和外资的大量涌入是泉州市城市扩展的主要驱动因素,而城市的政策法规和地理环境则决定着城市扩展的方向和趋势。 城市化进程导致了泉州市的环境变化,本文利用遥感影像所具有的热信息内容特点,研究了泉州市这一时期城市热岛效应的变化过程,对城市热岛的影响因子和其造成环境效应进行了分析,表明了城市下垫面性质、不透水面、城市径流、大气条件等是影响城市热岛效应的主要因素,并在此基础上提出了改善城市热岛效应的治理措施。此外,由于泉州市的湿度和蒸发量的变化对城市环境和热岛效应起到了相当重要的作用,本文对此进行了专题研究。利用土壤水分光谱法和地表热量平衡法分别对湿度和蒸发量进行了提取,并分析它们对环境的影响效应,研究显示城市的湿度和蒸发量都比郊区小,表现为“干岛”的特征,不利于城市热岛效应的减轻。 最后,对城市扩展、土地利用变化和城市热环境三者内在的互动关系进行了分析。更多还原

【Abstract】 Urban has changed the landscape of the Earth with unexpreeding speed. On onehand, the rapid expansion of urban resulted in the change of the regional landscape,on the other hand, it made the regional environment worser and worser. All of thesechanges make an important impact on urban long-term and sustainable development.This study takes Quanzhou city of South Fujian Province as an example, which isone of three cities comprising the famous Golden Triangele Area of South Fujian.Based on three satellite images of Landsat TM/ETM+ and with the help of GIStechnology and scio-economic data, we monitor and analyse the urbanization processof Quanzhou city during the reform period from 1989 to 2000. The study reveals that the land use chaged rapidly in Quanzhou city during the11 study years. The main land use, such as built-up land, arable land and forest landhas changed at various degrees, which stimulated the competiton between build-upland and arable land, and caused the decrease of arable land in quantity and quality. Itis found that the main driving forces to land use change in Quanzhou are theurbanization and industrilization. The rapid increase in urban areas is a remarkable character in urbanizationprocess of Quanzhou city. The urban area in 2000 is three times more than that in1989 approximately. The urban expanded mainly surrounding the urban area andalong the major traffic roads, and the trend is quickening. The main dring force tourban expansion are the increase of population, the high-speed development ofeconomy and the vast investment of the foreign businessman. The direction and rateof urban sprawl were determined by policy executed in Quanzhou and georaphiccondition. The rapid urbanization results in the great changes of environment in Quanzhou II<WP=4>City. This study takes the advantage of the inherent heat information in the remotesensing imagery to study the change process of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect inthe study area between 1989 and 2000, and analyze the key factors and consequencesof the UHI effect. The key factors of the UHI effect in Quanzhou City are proved tobe urban surface property, impervious area, urban runoff, the local weather, etc.Furthermore, this study reveals that the change of land surface humidity andevaporation are also important factors of the UHI effect in Quanzhou City and cannot be ignored. Thus, these two factors are further studied in the aspects of theirenvironmental consequences and derived from the remote sensing images by usingthe methods of Spectrum of Soil Water Contents and Surface Energy BalanceAlgorithm for Land respectively. The results of the study show that the amounts ofland surface humidity and evaporation in the urban are generally smaller than that inthe suburb, this represents a phenomena of “dry island”, which goes against thereduce of the UHI effect. Finally, the interactive relationship among the urban area expansion, land usechanges and urban heat island effect is studied and analyzed in this study.更多还原