论《马桥词典》的语言之维

【作者】 衡桂珍；

【导师】 张器友；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 现当代文学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 语言是一种哲学，也是一种人生状态。蕴含着生活激流的语言，永远具有形式逻辑所没有的丰富性和生动性。在《马桥词典》中，韩少功努力将哲学的思辨，生活的状态化作他感知中的语言。他的语言冲破了一切既定的形式逻辑与语言规范的约束，而与审美的创造，与活生生的生活现实握手言欢。 作者以其不拘常规的想象力，在文学与词典之间抛出一索道，使二者接轨，这不能不说是一种创造。作者展示给我们的是一百一十五个词条支撑的社会——马桥。每一个词条都是这个社会的缩影。都是有血有肉的存在。作家通过对每一个词条的阐释，力图说明语言与存在，语言与世界，语言与人的复杂关系，从语言层面揭示人的命运。相对于普通话来说，《马桥词典》有着自己的语言维度。本文拟从以下四个方面进行阐述： 一、直观性的语言。在马桥，语言更多地是来自直观的经验，而无多少抽象的理论内涵。来自直观经验的语言生动形象，但有时候也会因此而产生歧义和误解。 二、语言迷狂。人总是以语言的方式来把握世界。当人们面对自己的语言盲区，面对无法表达的语言空白，语言崇拜就在所难免了。 三、话语背景。在以《马桥词典》中，作家对每一个词条都不是简单的注释，而是把它们放入生活，放入更为广阔的民族文化历史背景中去考察。 四、《马桥词典》显示出方言与普通话的差异。在汉语教科书中，论((马桥词典))的语言之维方言是作为普通话的地方分支而存在的。它们的主要差异在语音方面。《马桥词典》显示出，这种差异有着更深刻的内涵。 Ab 5 tract Language 1 5 a kind of life state as well as a kind ofPhilosophy.A language whieh eontains the torrent of life 15abundant and dynamie，whieh the formal logie 15 not.In MaqiaoDietionary，Han Shaogong makes effor七to七ransform the dialeetieof PhilosoPhy and the state of life into the language of his sensePereePtion.His language breaks loose from all the fixed formallogie and language rules，and hands with the ereativity ofaestheties and the ture faets in life. With the uneonstrained imagination，the author eonneets1 1 terary with dietionary .That 15 undoubtedlyaereat ivity .Maqiao，the soeiety disPlayed by the author，15suPPorted by 1 15 words.Eaeh word 15 an ePitome of thesoeiety:eaeh word exists with ita own story.By giving1 1 lustration toeaeh tern，he tries to make elear the eo叩lieatedralationshiP between language and existenee，languafe andeulture，as well as language and human being，and reveals thedestiny of the human beings.Constrastiny to mandarin，MaqiaoDietionary hasi七5 own system.This artiele will diseuss it fromthe following four asPeets.更多还原

【Abstract】 Language is a kind of life state as well as a kind of philosophy. A language which contains the torrent of life is abundant and dynamic, which the formal logic is not. In Maqiao Dictionary , Han Shaogong makes effort to transform the dialectic of philosophy and the state of life into the language of his sense perception. His language breaks loose from all the fixed formal logic and language rules, and hands with the creativity of aesthetics and the ture facts in life.With the unconstrained imagination , the author connects literary with dictionary .That is undoubtedly a creativity .Maqiao, the society displayed by the author, is supported by 115 words. Each word is an epitome of the society;each word exists with ita own story. By giving illustration to each tern, he tries to make clear the complicated ralationship between language and existence, languafe and culture, as well as language and human being ,and reveals the destiny of the human beings. Constrastiny to mandarin, Maqiao Dictionary has its own system. This article will discuss it from the following four aspects.1. Direct-visual languageIn Maqiao , language originates mostly from direct visual experience, while only a little from abstracttheoretical meaning. Direct visual language is vivid, butsometimes it may cause ambiguity and misunderstanding.2. Language WorshipMen always describe the world in words. It is unavoidable that language is worshiped when people face an area which connot be expressed in language . 3 . Language BackgroundIn Maqiao Dictionary , the author puts each term into lefe, into a wider national and cultural historical background to examine its meaning rather than simply define it. 4. Disparity Between Dialects and Mandsarin in Maqiao DictionaryIn Chinese textbooks, dialects exist as local branches of Mandarin. The main difference between dialects and Mandarin lies in pronunciation and intonation. Maqiao Dictionary proves that there is a deeper implied meaning in such a disparity.更多还原