【作者】 杜鹃；

【导师】 曾瑞炎；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 中国近现代史， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 云南地处祖国西南，由于山高谷深而路桥难通、河流湍急而不利水运的地理环境，使马帮驿运成为民国时期云南的主要运输方式。由“马锅头”和“马脚子”组成的马帮在长期的营运过程中，逐渐确立了相对固定的运输线路，几乎涵盖了云南全省和与云南有经济交往的内地各省区及周边国家，并形成了自身特定的马帮文化，包括马帮的组织形式、不成文的行规等。在特殊的地理、历史、经济条件下，民国时期以回族和纳西族为代表的云南少数民族商帮的兴起、发展、繁荣及其聚居区经济的发展与马帮驿运有着密切的联系。不少少数民族商帮就是靠着马帮运输发展起来的，同时少数民族商帮的兴起和发展、少数民族地区经济的发展反过来又促进了马帮驿运业的发展。抗战爆发后，云南日益成为中国对外进出口的交通要道，在机力运输严重不足的情况下，驿运日益显示其“持续不断”的运输效能。在国民政府的倡导和云南地方政府的主持下，云南官办驿运得以恢复，与其他现代运输方式一起承担国际援华战略物资和省内省际客货运输的重任，发挥了重要的后勤保障作用。民国时期云南马帮驿运的发展还带动了养马、马栈、马具制造等相关行业的发展。同时，马帮通行各地，不仅转运各类货物，而且为落后的边远山区和边境地区送去了商品和市场观念。同时由于沿线要经过彝、白、纳西、藏、哈尼、傣等少数民族聚居区，从而加强了各民族间的相互交流和了解，特别是沿茶马古道展开的，以马帮贩运为主的滇藏贸易，不仅在一定程度上满足了藏区人民对普洱茶及其他生活用品的需要，而且维系了民国年间内地与西藏之间为数不多的经济联系。更多还原

【Abstract】 MaBang was the main carrying way in Yunnan province during the period of Republic of China because of the bad geographic and economical environment.As a special carrying and trade organization, in the long course of its operation, MaBang formed its own culture, including the organization forms, guild regulations and carrying routes.In the Republic Era, there was a close relationship between MaBang and the economy of Yunnan minorities, especially "Hui" and "Naxi" . These commercial organizations grew up gradually depending on the growth of MaBang. Meanwhile, they also stimulated the development of MaBang. During the period of Anti-Japanese War, Yunnan became the vital communication line of imports and exports day by day, and the carrying of MaBang get more and more important because of the serious lack of motorized transport. In order to cover the shortage of motorized transport capacity, the carrying of MaBang run by government was renewed under the encouragement of the Republic government and the direction of the Yunnan local government. During the wartime, it took part in the carrying of strategic materials and everyday goods, and showed the important logistics effects.At the same time, with the prosperity of the carrying, some relatingindustries developed, such as the horse inns and the making of gears. And the ideas of commerce and market were spread to the remote and backward areas of Yunnan. Moreover, the carrying of Yunnan MaBang strengthened the understanding and association among Yunnan minorities, especially strengthened the limited economical, cultural and political communication between the interior and Tibet.更多还原