【作者】 郭超利；

【导师】 张衔；

【作者基本信息】 四川大学 ， 政治经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 经济的高速增长、居民收入的大幅度提高和贫困的大幅度减少表明了我国转型以来经济发展和体制改革取得了巨大的成绩。但转型过程中我国居民收入的差距也呈现出逐渐扩大的态势，经济发展和体制变革带来的利益越来越为少数人所享有。居民收入差距的扩大不仅有悖于我国经济发展的目标，也不利于经济的持续发展。研究我国转型期居民收入差距的状况、分析差距形成的原因、提出相应的政策建议具有重要的意义。这是本文写作的动机和目的。 通过对个人收入分配的理论和实证研究文献的考察，揭示了个人收入差距的静态和动态决定因素。经济文献多集中于经济发展与个人收入差距关系的研究，对于经济转型中经济发展和体制变革共同作用下的个人收入差距的研究还不成熟。本文在已有研究的基础上，研究我国经济发展和体制变革双重作用下的个人收入差距。 对转型以来我国居民总体、农村内部、城镇内部、城乡之间的收入差距的实证研究表明了我国居民收入差距是不断扩大的，且达到了较高的水平。居民收入差距的扩大在很大程度上是由于城乡居民收入差距和地区间居民收入差距的扩大造成的。 经济发展和体制变革的双重过渡是我国转型期的重要特征，与此相联系的是经济发展、体制变革和经济政策共同导致了我国居民收入差距的扩大。市场化的改革是推动转型期我国经济发展的初始力量，在不断完善的市场机制作用下以追求效率为目标的经济发展过程是收入差距扩大的重要因素；传统计划机制向市场机制渐进过渡中市场机制的不完善、市场经济运行方式的内在力量、以及特定阶段的经济政策是收入差距扩大的另一重要因素；体制变革和经济发展推动了初次分配效率目标的实现，但收入差距的扩大趋势没有得到有效的控制，这是由于我国在市场化改革过程中，国家对收入分配进行有效调节的以追求四川大学硕士学位论文社会公平为目标的收入再分配体系和社会保障体系建立的滞后。 转型期居民收入差距的扩大，部分是经济发展和体制变革带来的积极和必要变化，部分是体制不完善和经济政策不合理造成的无序和消极的变化。采取适当的经济政策控制或消除不利的因素是经济持续发展和体制变革顺利推进的必要选择。这些途径包括:建立与社会主义市场机制相协调的收入再分配制度，加大对农业和农民、城镇低收入阶层的物质和人力资本投入的转移支付力度、用税收手段调节过高收入，使高收入阶层承担更多的责任、完善社会保障体系使低收入阶层获得发展所必要的机会和手段、完善法治和推进政治体制改革抑制和打击非法非正常收入。 本文分五部分: 第一部分:导言:本文的研究主题、方法和结构; 第二部分:个人收入差距的理论和实证研究回顾; 第三部分:我国转型期居民收入差距的实证分析; 第四部分:我国转型期居民收入差距的原因和理论解释; 第五部分:抑制和缩小收入差距的途径。关键词:经济发展体制变革收入差距更多还原

【Abstract】 Rapid economic growth, significant increase of inhabitant’s income and substantial reduction of poverty are the symbols of the great achievements arising from the economic development and institutional reform in China. However, the tendency of income gap gets larger and larger during transition period. More and more benefits induced by development and reform are shared by only a few rich people. The large income gap is not only in harmony with the ends of development, but also harmful to the sustained development of economy. Therefore, it has great significance in researching the status quo and the tendency of income gap and finding what causes it and the alternative policies that can adjust it. That is the original motive and the objective of this thesis.The economic literatures document the static and dynamic factors that decide the individual’s income gap theoretically and empirically. However, literatures focus mostly on the relations between economic development and scale income gap, and the theoretical and empirical research of income gap under the joint action of development and institutional reform is inadequate. The main aim of this thesis is to explain the income gap during transition period of China.Empirical analysis shows that the income gap is becoming larger and larger and to a high level during transition period. The result is based on the empirical analysis of the income gap of all inhabitants, intra-rural, intra-urban and urban-rural. The enlarged income gap can be mainly attributed to the disparity between urban and rural and the disparity between districts.Dual transition of economic development and institutional reform is the significant characteristic of China during this special period. The causes of income gap can be basically explained by economic development, institutional reform and corresponding policies. Marketization is the original incentive of economic growth. During the process of the erection and perfection of the market mechanism, economic development under the efficiency target is one main factor of the enlarged gap. Imperfect mechanisms, intrinsic motivations of market and special policies accrued from the transition of traditional system to socialism market system are the rest main factors. Institutional reform and economic development push the realization of the efficiency objective in initial distribution, yet the expanding tendency of income gap has not been controlled effectively. The reason for that is the lag of the establishment of the redistribution system and social security system that are able to regulate effectively the income distribution in order to pursue societal equity during the process of China’ s marketization reform.The income gaps are partly active and necessary changes arising from transition period and are partly disorder and unfavorable changes arising from the imperfect market system and inappropriate polices. The augmented gap will impede the development and the reform unless the adverse effects are adjusted by appropriate polices. Based on the former analysis the author proposes some alternative polices that may be used to shorten the gap. The policies include establishing the redistribution system in accord with market economy, increasing material and human capital investment on agriculture and farmer and the low income class through public financial transfer payment, taxing high income class and enhancing the responsibilities of the rich, bettering the social security system and welfare system and creating opportunities and instruments indispensable to the development of the poor, bettering law system and deepening political reform to restrain and handle illegal and unusual incomes without mittens .The thesis is composed of five parts.Part I Introduction: topic, method and structure;Part II Retrospect of theoretical and empirical literatures on income gap; PartIII Empirical analysis of individual income gap during transition period of China; PartIV Explanations on the tendency of income gap; Part V Some alternative roads to bridge the gap更多还原