【作者】 李新；

【导师】 魏锡文；

【作者基本信息】 重庆大学 ， 环境工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 居室是人类生活和工作的主要场所，室内环境质量对人类的身体健康和工作效率有着重要影响，提供健康、舒适的室内环境是现代住宅建设的根本宗旨。近年来，随着建筑装饰装修材料的广泛应用，各种材料释放出大量的有害物质，严重污染了室内空气环境，出现了“病态建筑综合症（SBS）”。为此，本论文进行了建筑材料对室内空气质量的影响及其评价的研究，力增为控制室内空气污染、改善室内环境质量提供科学依据和方法，以满足人们对健康住宅的需求。论文总结了国内外在室内空气质量研究方面的成果和存在的问题，系统地分析了室内存在的污染物和污染源，并重点讨论建筑材料的种类以及释放出的污染物质，对主要污染物的理化性质、健康效应进行了分析和研究。根据质量平衡的原理，建立了室内空气质量的基本数学模型；在考虑污染物释放速率和室内通风换气的条件下，推导出室内空气污染物浓度的数学预测模型，该模型可用于分析和描述室内空气中污染物浓度的变化规律，预测和计算某一时间室内空气中污染物的浓度值。依据现行的室内空气质量标准，结合室内空气污染的特点，提出了室内空气质量的评价标准和评价等级，分别建立了室内空气质量影响评价、现状评价的模式和方法。通过理论研究与应用分析，可以得出以下结论：①建筑材料是建筑居室内主要的污染源，释放出甲醛（HCHO）、苯(C6H6)、挥发性有机化合物（VOC）、氨（NH3）、氡（Rn）等气态污染物质，这些有害气体成分是引起“病态建筑综合症”的重要原因。②应用环境试验舱平衡浓度法，确定数学模型中建筑材料的初始释放速率Eo和衰减常数k两个参数。实例计算表明，建筑材料的品种、装填率以及空气交换率是决定室内空气质量的关键因素。③在对室内空气质量进行影响评价时，建议选取甲醛、苯、总挥发性有机物、氨、氡五种污染物作为评价因子，应用普通型指数模式计算质量指数。在对室内空气质量进行现状评价时，建议选取甲醛、可吸入颗粒物、二氧化碳三种污染物作为评价因子，应用分段线性函数型指数模式计算质量指数。本课题研究建立的数学模型，可用于分析和预测室内空气中污染物浓度的变化规律，评价模式可用于室内空气质量的影响评价和现状评价；尤其是在建筑及室内装修过程中，通过预评价可为选择建筑材料、确定通风量提供可靠的设计参数。更多还原

【Abstract】 The house is the main place for human life and work and the indoor environment quality has great influence on health and work efficiency. In recent years as building material is widely used, it releases a lot of harmful material polluting the indoor environment seriously, which causes “Sick Building Syndrome (SBS)”. This thesis provides some scientific basis and methods to control the indoor air pollution and improve the indoor environment quality be reaching the effect of building material on it.It sums up the achievements and problems in the research of the polluting source systematically, discusses the classification of building material and its pollutant and analyzes its physical and chemical characters as well as the health effect of the main pollutant. According to equilibrium principle in quality and the condition of indoor ventilation, basic mathematics model and mathematics estimation model of the indoor air quality is established and derived, which can be used for analysis and description of the variety regulation of the indoor polluting density, predicting and calculating the density the indoor pollutant at that time. According to the current indoors air quality standard and the characteristics of the indoor air pollution, the thesis establishes the evaluation standard of the indoor air quality and evaluation level and puts forward the impact evaluation and present evaluation mode and methods of evaluation.Via the theoretic study and the applied analysis, we can get to draw conclusions as follows: ① Building material is the main polluting source, releasing formaldehyde (HCHO), benzene (C6H6), volatility organic compound (VOC), ammonia (NH3), radon (Rn)…etc, the composition of which is the main causes of SBS. ② Applying the environmental test chamber, to decide the initial release velocity Eo and the reducing constant k in the mathematics model. The example evaluation shows that the species and pack to fill rate of the building material and air commutation rates is a key factor to decide the indoor air quality. ③ When evaluating the future indoor air quality, formaldehyde (HCHO), volatility organic compound (VOC), ammonia (NH3), radon (Rn) had better be used as the evaluation factor and common type index mode should be applied to calculate the quality index. When evaluating the present indoor air quality, formaldehyde (HCHO), particulate matter which can be inhaled (PM10), carbon dioxide (CO2) should be used as evaluation factor and ratings type index mode should <WP=6>be applied to calculate the quality index.The mathematics model established in the thesis can be used to analyze and predict the various regulation of the indoor pollutant density and the evaluation mode can be used as impact evaluation and present evaluation of the indoor air quality. In the process of building and fitting up houses, pre-evaluation can provide the reliable designing index for the choice of building material and ventilation amount.更多还原