【作者】 干国胜；

【导师】 王继新；

【作者基本信息】 华中师范大学 ， 现代教育技术， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本文结合中小学教育、教学实际，阐述了教育机器人学科教学意义、理论支持、教育机器人学科教学目标与内容、教育机器人开发与设计的研究以及使用。 本文由五个方面的内容组成。 第一部分介绍了机器人的定义和分类，阐述了中小学教育机器人学科教学的意义，既普及机器人知识、提高机器人应用水平、研制能力的需要，深入开展信息技术教育需要。教育机器人科技活动和教学现状：作为青少年科技创新活动之一的“全国中小学电脑制作活动(含教育机器人)”自2000年举办以来，越来越多地得到各级教育行政部门、广大中小学校的普遍重视，也得到广大中小学师生的积极响应。 第二部分以新一轮基础课程改革的理念及技术课程标准为依据，讨论了开展中小学教育机器人学科教学理论支持，即：注重加强各类实践活动，培养学生乐于动手，勤于实践的意识和习惯，提高实际操作能力，注重各学习领域的整体设计，密切课程内容与学生的学习经历和经验、社会和科技发展之间的关系。技术课程以学生的亲手操作、亲历情境、亲身体验为基础，强调学生的全员参与和全程参与。每个学习者通过观察、调查、设计、试验等活动获得丰富的“操作”体验，进而获得情感态度、价值观以及技术能力的发展。 文章从知识、能力、情感方面阐明了机器人学科教学的目标和内容。 第三部分为教育机器人学科教学的目标与內容。本部分根据新课程改革的内容和理念，具体分析教育机器人学科教学的目标与内容。 第四部分为“Robot-Ⅲ型教育机器人设计与开发”。 Robot-Ⅲ型教育机器人本体上有3种十几个传感器，还可扩展，它类似于人的五官，有很强的感知环境的能力，这是产生智能行为的前提。Robot-Ⅲ型教育机器人能产生许多智能行为。控制器类似于人的大脑，控制机器人的各种动作，它由CPU(中央处理单元)、外围辅助电路及程序组成；执行器类似于人的四肢，完成机器人的具体动作，电机及减速齿轮控制机器人运动，风扇用于⑧硕士学位论文MASTER，5 THESIS灭火。 系统结构组成及硬件设计主要包括DSP56FSOIFA60芯片、硬件扩展总线、传感器、驱动电路、通信模块等几个部分。系统运作时，通过各种传感器感知外部信息，然后传输给控制器部分对信息加工处理后，再指挥操作系统操纵机器人的执行部件，以改变机器人的运行状态。Robot一工H型教育机器人是基于wINO0wS操作系统C语言编程和图形化交互式C语言编程两种方式。本部分还介绍了Robot一IH型教育机器人已经实验通过的有关例程，如:机器人走圆圈、机器人避障碍物、机器人寻迹。 第五部分为“Robot一工H型机器人使用”。Robot一IH型机器人经过实际使用，学生们认为，采用R。b叭江H型机器人工具的科技课程有助于提高对科学的兴趣和对科学发现过程和环境的认识。增强了他们对阅读科学书刊杂志和科技论文的兴趣。家长们认为:孩子们通过“玩，，教育机器人，增强了孩子自信心，加强了孩子参与集体活动的愿望。教师认为:采用机器人教育工具有助于提高学生进行严格的、合乎逻辑的、客观的思维品质;教学中涉及技术的内容使得学生更接近科学，使学生更清晰地认识现实世界中的科学和技术。关键字:教育机器人创新活动机器人学科教学硬件软件例程左更多还原

【Abstract】 Integrating the practice in primary and middle schools, this thesis expounds the significance of studying educational intelligent robot in schools in subject teaching. It also states the supporting theories as well as the exploring and designing of educational intelligent robot and experiments about it.The thesis consists of five parts.The first one is about the definition and classification in addition to the significance of studying intelligent robot in subject teaching. In fact, studying educational intelligent robot is the best way to popularize the knowledge of intelligent robot and to improve the standard of application of it. It is necessary for promoting the education of information technology.In the second part, based on ideas in the new reformation of curriculum and criterion for information technology, the supporting pedagogic theories are presented. They are to make student form the habit of practicing and improve their ability of manipulation, schools should reinforce all kinds of science and technology practice. Attention should be given to the designing of all subjects as whole. The relations between the content of curriculum and students’ life and experiences should be tightened. The content of curriculum should also present the development of social and science and technology. The technology course focuses on all students’ thorough participation. Every learner obtains rich experience through watching, surveying, designing and experiment, what’s more, they can also develop their emotion and attitude towards the science and their ability of researching.The third part is about the object and content of the Teaching in the field.The forth part is about the designing and exploring of Robot-Ill.In Robot-Ill there are dozens of sensors which are extendable and can be divided into three sorts. They are like the organs of human’s which can sense the surroundings. That is precondition of its intelligence. It can have many intelligentactions. Its director is just like the brain of human being, which can direct the robot complete many kinds of actions. The director is made up of CPU, peripheral assistant circuit and programmers. Executants are similar to the limbs of human being., which can perform actions. Engine andIn Robot-Ill is based on WINDOWS system with C language and .C language in graphical interfaces. In this part some of the programs are introduced are examples such as robot going along a circle, dodging barrier, following marks.The last part is about the testing and experiment of Robot-Ill. A large of practice shows that the course of studying robot are very helpful for the students to improve their interest in science and the awareness of scientific discovering procedure. Some teachers think that it is an effective method to improve students’ ideation. Students who have taken the course tend to think more logically and objectively. So they can get a clearer idea about science and technology.更多还原