浙江省农业产业化推动农村城市化机理及对策研究

【作者】 郑健民；

【导师】 钱文荣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 产业经济学， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 党的十六大指出，“当人类社会跨入二十一世纪的时候，我国进入了全面建设小康社会、加快推进社会主义现代化的新的发展阶段。”目前，我国人民生活总体上达到了小康水平，但是，“现在达到的小康还是低水平的、不全面的、发展很不平衡的小康，存在着如城乡二元经济结构还没有改变，地区差距扩大的趋势尚未扭转、贫困人口还为数不少等诸多问题。”众所周知，城市化是实现城乡一体化的基础。城乡一体化过程是一个城乡协调发展的过程，是一个高水平条件下的“均衡”，其核心在于“发展”。而目前，城市化已成为解决我国城乡共同发展中面临的诸多中长期和短期问题的关键之一。我国的现代化也应是在城市化的基础上，以先进的科学技术和高度发达的生产力推动整个社会、经济、文化等各领域的进化和优化的过程。如果城市化是反映“量”的增长，那么现代化则是反映“质”的提高，是一个由量变到质变的发展过程。对于农业人口占绝大多数的中国而言，研究城市化问题重点在农村，关注农村城市化的发展，进而加快城乡一体化进程，实现我国的现代化。农业产业化与农村城市化作为产业内容与空间载体，是推动一个国家农村经济和社会发展的两大战略，农业产业化在推动农村城市化进程中应该有所作为。当前我国农村城镇建设与农业产业化结合得不紧密，农业剩余劳动力只能实现产业间的转移，不能实现空间位置上的转移，因而不能从根本上解决我国农村人多地少的矛盾，不能改变农产品有效需求不足的现状，也难以实现土地的适度规模经营，农业效率和效益更难以得到充分发挥。因此，依托农业产业化积极推进农村城市化的协同发展，已成为我国农村经济社会发展的重大问题之一。本文基于该背景条件下，以农业产业化起步较早、经济发达的浙江省为研究对象，通过问卷调查和实证研究，对农业产业化推动农村城市化协调发展的机理及其对策进行研究，主要内容如下： 第一部分，研究背景、思路和相关理论研究。本论文在我国经济社会努力向城乡一体化发展的背景下，对浙江城市化进程中农业产业化推动农村城市化的道路进行研究。我们认为城乡经济一体化发展是全面建设小康社会的必然要求，城市化是实现城乡一体化的基础，这就要求农业剩余劳动力不仅要实现产业间的转移，更要实现空间位置上的转移。农业产业化与农村城市化一个作为产业内容、一个作为空间载体，是推动我们国家农村经济和社会发展的两大战略。本论文在对相关经典理论进行研究和国内学者的相浙江大学硕士学位论文浙江省农业产业化推动农村城市化机理及对策研究关论述进行综述的基础上，对浙江省农业产业化推动农村城市化问题进一步进行实证研究，具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。 第二部分，分析了浙江省农业产业化与农村城市化的互动关系，从中找出两者结合点。从农业产业化的组织形式、发展类型、利益机制和实施途径等四个方面对浙江农业产业化发展的动力机制和约束机制进行了剖析。重点总结了浙江省农业产业化发展过程中的龙头企业、农产品生产基地、专业合作组织和农产品专业市场建设对农村城市化起到的具体作用。同时分析浙江省城市化的成长模式和动力机制，得出城市化和农业产业化是中国农村现代化进程中两个联系密切、又相互推进、诱导制度创新的过程。 第三部分，应用在浙江省诸暨市山下湖镇和磐安县实地调查所得数据对农业产业化推动农村城市化机理展开实证分析，通过对农业产业化过程中农村居民、农业加工企业的迁移决策行为、已进城农民的实证研究以及对城市化进程中各经济主体(农民、企业家、政府)行为的经济学分析，得出浙江省农业产业化推动农村城市化发展的机理和发展不足的深层次原因。 第四部分，对策建议与进一步研究方向。在前面几部分研究的基础上，对于如何有效促进浙江省农业产业化推动农村城市化提出相应的建议。本文认为依托农业产业化推动浙江省农村城市化的发展，是浙江全面建设小康社会、实现农村现代化的有效手段。推进农村城市化的进程，关键是农民市民化、农村企业进城以及政策制度三方面的共同作用。需要进一步研究的问题主要有不同类型(资源、经济等)地区农业产业化推动农村城市化的比较研究和产业化推动城市化过程中相关制度的系统研究。关键词:浙江省;农业产业化;农村城市化;机理;对策更多还原

【Abstract】 President Jiang Zemin pointed out in his Report at 16th Party Congress that "As human society entered the 21st century, we started a new phase of development for building a well-off society in an all-round way and speeding up socialist modernization." However, "the well-off life we are leading is still at a low level; it is not all-inclusive and is very uneven." There’re still many serious problems, for example, the dual structure in urban and rural economy has not yet been changed, the gap between regions is still widening and there are still quite a large number of impoverished people. As we all know, the urbanization is the basis for the integration of urban and rural development. The urban and rural integration is a process in which the urban and rural areas develop harmoniously and a "balance" at a high level. The core of urban and rural integration is "development". At present, the urbanization has become a key solution to the various long-term or short-term problems China is facing in the process of urban and rural integration. The modernization in China is also a process based on the urbanization and in this process advanced technology and highly developed productivity promote the evolution and optimization of society, economy, culture and etc. If the urbanization reflects the increase of "quantity", while the modernization reflects the improvement of "quality" and is a process evolving from quantitative change to qualitative change. For China with the majority of population being farmers, the key to the research on urbanization lies in the countryside. It’s quite necessary to pay attention to the rural urbanization, quicken the urban and rural integration and realize the modernization of China. Agricultural industrialization as the industrial content and rural urbanization as the spatial carrier are two major strategies to promote the development of rural economy and society. And agricultural industrialization should play important roles in promoting the process of rural urbanization. At present, the rural urbanization and agricultural industrialization are not closely combined. The surplus agricultural labor force can only be shifted to other industries but not other areas. Therefore, it cannot solve the conflict that there’s a big population but a small proportion of farmland. It can neither change the situation that the effective demands for agricultural products are not sufficient nor realize the proper scale operation of farmland. And the efficiency and benefits of developing agriculture cannot be fully exerted. Therefore, promoting the synchronized rural urbanization on the basis of the agricultural industrialization has become an important issue for the development of economy and society in the rural China. In such background and taking Zhejiang Province with an earlier start of agricultural industrialization and developed economy as the research object, the paper explores the mechanism by which the agricultural industrialization promotes the synchronized rural urbanization and the corresponding solutions through questionnaires and positive studies. The main contents are as follows:Part one: research background, thread of thoughts and related theories. The paper explores the way by which the agricultural industrialization promotes the rural urbanization in the process of urbanization in Zhejiang Province in the background of the urban and rural integrated development of China. We think that the integrated urban and rural economicdevelopment is a necessary requirement for building a well-off society. The urbanization is the basis for the urban and rural integration, which requires the surplus agricultural labor force not only shift to other industries but also shift to different spatial areas. Agricultural industrialization as the industrial content and rural urbanization as the spatial carrier are two major strategies to promote the economic and social development in rural China. On the basis of study of the related classic theories and the summarization of the researches of the domestic scholars, the更多还原