中小民营企业家创业动机及其影响因素研究

【作者】 何志聪；

【导师】 王重鸣；

【作者基本信息】 浙江大学 ， 管理科学与工程， 2004， 硕士

【摘要】 本研究的主要目的在于探讨创业动机的构成及影响创业动机的因素，并在此基础上探讨创业动机与公司经营绩效之间的关系。文章首先在大量文献研究的基础上，提出了创业动机的基本结构模型，然后对影响创业动机的因素进行了分析，从个性特征、环境变量和组织能力方面探讨激励企业家持续创业的关键策略。 研究分两个阶段进行，第一个阶段是访谈和案例研究阶段，了解中国背景下的企业家创业动机结构模式，了解企业家个性特质，企业所处的外部环境特征和组织能力等方面，考察企业创业过程中的关键事件，为后续实证研究打下基础。第二个阶段是设计量表，选取中小民营企业家为被测对象，使用问卷对创业动机进行调查，样本共计129个。研究发现： (1)企业家创业动机可以从成就导向、控制导向和保障导向三个维度来衡量，并且创业动机对于企业经营绩效有着直接的影响。 (2)企业家的个性特质对动机要素结构有直接影响，尤其是成就需要的个性特质对企业家的创业动机影响较大，但个体特质相比环境变量和组织创业能力在解释创业动机差异方面的作用较小。 (3)组织的创业能力对动机要素结构有较大影响，组织的创业能力水平越高，则企业家个体的创业动机更加成就导向。 (4)环境变量包括社会比较、行业空间和政策支持，环境变量对个体的创业动机有直接影响，其中，行业的发展空间相比社会比较和政府政策支持对个体的创业动机影响来得大，与创业动机的成就导向正相关。 (5)企业处于不同发展阶段，个体的创业动机结构有显著差异，在成长和成熟阶段，个体呈现较高的成就导向，而在初创阶段，个体较多呈现保障和控制导向。 (6)企业发展阶段在组织创业能力与企业家创业动机之间起到了明显的交互作用。更多还原

【Abstract】 This thesis concerned with the structure of entrepreneurial motivation and the factors influencing entrepreneurial motivation ?After that, it discussed the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and performance. On the basis of recent research literature, the thesis firstly proposed a model of entrepreneurial motivation and then analyzed the factors influencing entrepreneurial motivation in order to build up the model of relationship of entrepreneurial motivation and performance of the company.There are two stages in this study. At the first stage, an interview and case study were conducted to analyze the relationship between entrepreneurial motivation and the influencing factors and then to test the design of the study. In the second stage, 129 entrepreneurs were surveyed through questionnaires. The conclusions indicated that:(1) Entrepreneurial motivation can be measured in three key dimensions: achievement orientation , control orientation , security orientation Then the performance was affected directly by Entrepreneurial motivation(2) Entrepreneurial motivation was affected by characteristics and attributes of entrepreneurs and achievement need will be the most important factors among them But the effect of characteristics of entrepreneurs will be weaker than business environment and intrapreneurial competency(3) Entrepreneurial motivation was affected by intrapreneurial competency.. The higher the level of entrepreneurial content, the stronger of the achievement orientation of the entrepreneur would be(4) Entrepreneurial motivation was affected by business environmentsuch as the development of the industry, government policy and social contrast the entrepreneur makes , Among them, the development of the industry will be most important (5) At different development stages of the company, the entrepreneurial motivation was different Especially, when the company was newly start梪p, the entrepreneur would be mostly security oriented In contrast, the entrepreneur would be mostly achievement or control oriented when the company were in other stages,,(6) The development stages of the company has significant interaction impact between intrapreneurial competency and entrepreneurial motivation.更多还原