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苍耳提取物中抑菌成分的初步分离与鉴定

Primary Isolation and Identification of the Antifungal Composition of the Extration from Xanthium Sibiricum

【作者】 郭东艳

【导师】 沈慧敏; 张新虎;

【作者基本信息】 甘肃农业大学 , 植物病理学, 2004, 硕士

【摘要】 以番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)、辣椒丝核病菌(Rhizoctonia solani)、黄瓜枯萎病菌(Fusarium oxysporium Schl.)、黄瓜黑星病菌( Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. et Arthur)、番茄早疫病菌(Alternaric solani(Ellis et Martin)Jones et Grout)和小麦白粉病(Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici)为供试菌,对不同地区不同部位苍耳提取物的抑菌活性,兰州苍耳茎叶提取物中可溶物(XSAE)的抑菌活性、环境因素(温度、PH)对XSAE活性的影响、XSAE对小麦白粉病的防效以及提取物中不溶物(XSAE0)的室内毒力进行了研究,并对XSAE中的抑菌成分进行了分离、鉴定。得出以下结论:1. 用生长速率法、孢子萌发法和黄瓜子叶法,测定了不同地区不同部位苍耳提取物的抑菌活性,发现同一地区不同部位苍耳提取物中,苍耳茎叶提取物对供试菌的抑菌活性明显高于苍耳根提取物的抑菌活性。同一部位不同地区苍耳提取物中,兰州苍耳提取物较礼县苍耳提取物对供试病原菌的抑菌活性高。2. 兰州苍耳茎叶提取物在-18℃低温冰箱中冷冻处理12小时后,得到可溶物(XSAE)和不溶物(XSAE0),为了避免抑菌成分的漏筛,分别对不溶物和可溶物进行了抑菌活性测定。XSAE对5种供试菌菌丝生长抑制率均明显高于XSAE0,其中,XSAE对番茄灰霉菌、辣椒丝核菌、黄瓜枯萎菌的抑菌活性高于番茄早疫病菌和黄瓜黑星病菌,在供试浓度为0.05g/mL时,其对前3个供试菌的抑菌率均达到100%。XSAE0仅对番茄灰霉菌的活性相对较高,EC50为337.59μg/mL。盆栽试验中,XSAE对小麦白粉病显示出较好的药效,而且治疗作用防效高于保护作用防效,在供试浓度为0.15 g/mL时,处理8d后,XSAE对小麦白粉病的治疗作用防效和保护作用防效分别为94.63%和57.20%,接近于对照药剂粉锈宁(治疗作用防效为100%,保护作用防效为62.75%)的防效。以黄瓜枯萎菌为供试菌,测定了环境因素(温度、PH)对XSAE生物活性的影响,发现主要影响因素是PH值,其次是温度和处理时间。但是,这种影响并不大,在供试浓度为0.02 g/mL,未处理样品(CK0)的对黄瓜枯萎病菌抑制率为71.59%,而以温度为80℃,PH=10, 4小时处理的样品,其抑制率仍达63.51%。3.XSAE的抑菌成分初步分离中,采用柱层析、薄层层析分离和GC-MS联用仪鉴定,其成分主要有:邻苯二甲酸-二-2-乙基-己酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、菜油甾醇/芸苔甾醇、4-(氧代辛基)-苯胺、(Z)-9-十八酰胺、柠檬烯。

【Abstract】 (Pratacultural Institute,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou,730070)The fungistatis of the extracts of Xanthium sibiricum were tested with Botrytis cinerea Pers.、Rhizoctonia solani、Fusarium oxysporium Schl.、Cladosporium cucumerinum Ell. et Arthur 、Alternaric solani(Ellis et Martin)Jones et Grout and Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici .The results were as follows:1. By testing the in vitro(growth rate and spore germination method) and vivo (cucumber cotyledon method )activity of the extracts of different part of Xanthium sibiricum ,which was collected from different areas,against the tested fungi, we found that the extraction of the stem and leaf of it from Lanzhou had higher antifungal activity.2.The house toxicity of the extraction of the stem and leaf of Xanthium sibiricum in Lanzhou was tested,the inhibition rate of XSAE to the hyphae growth of the 5 tested fungi was higher than that of XSAE0. The fungistatis of ASXE against Botrytis cinerea、Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporium was higher than the other two tested fungi,and when the concertration was 0.05g/mL,the inhibition reached to 100% to the three tested fungi.While XSAE0 had high activity to Botrytis cinerea,the LD-P was y = 0.1694x - 7.1875,the EC50 was 337.59ug/mL.XSAE had better controlling effect on the Blumeria graminis f. sp tritici,and when the concertration was 0.15 g/mL,it`s protection and curling effect were both slightly lower than the standard fungicide Triadimefon.XSAE had higher stablity on the condition of different tempretureand heat preservation time,but on that of alkaline it lost the activity easily ,while the activity didn`t reduce too much. <WP=77>3. The antifungal composition of AXSE was isolated primarily with column chromatogr- aphy and tabular chromatography ,and it was analysized with gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy (GC-MS).The major compositions were Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,Di-n-octyl phthalate,Dibutylphthalate,Campesterol,4-(octyloxy)-Benzenamine, (Z)-9-Octadecenamide and Limonene.

  • 【分类号】S482.292
  • 【被引频次】20
  • 【下载频次】978
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